Hubungan biopsikososial dengan disabilitas pada lansia
L ATAR BELAKANGDisabilitas adalah beberapa keterbatasan atau ketiadaan (hasil dari Impairment)kemampuan untuk melakukan aktivitas secara benar-benar normal sebagaimanusia. Impairment adalah hilangnya atau ketidak normalan dari strukturpsikologis, fisiologis atau struktur anatomi. Disabilitas fungsional dalam konteksICIDH-1 merupakan terminologi yang mem1ilki implikasi pada tiga aspeks yaitu :kelemahan, keterbatasan aktivitas, dan keterbatasan partisipasi, peningkatandisabilitas fungsional pada lansia merupakan akibat dari bertambahnya umurseseorang dan proses kemunduran yang dipengaruhi pula oleh proses penuaan danmulti penyakit.METODEPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatancross-sectional atau potong lintang. Total responden berjumlah 529 lansia yangtinggal di wilayah Kecamatan Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian inimenggunakan data sekunder yang diambil di 3 puskemas Kecamatan Jagakarsa(Kelurahan Jagakarsa, Kelurahan Lenteng Agung dan Kelurahan SrengsengSawah). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square menggunakan program SPSS versi 23.HASILHasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara Activity Daily Living (ADL)dengan disabilitas dimana nilai p = 0,000. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapathubungan antara Abbreviated mental Test dengan disabilitas dimana nilai p =0,000. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara resiko jatuh dengandisabilitas dimana nilai p = 0,000. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubunganantara kegiatan sosial dengan disabilitas dimana nilai p = 0,027.KESIMPULANMayoritas pada kelompok yang disabilitas adalah lansia usia 60-69 dan jeniskelamin perempuan. Variabel yang berhubungan secara dominan terhadapkejadian disabilitas adalah usia, jenis kelamin, Activity Daily Living, AbbreviatedMental Test, resiko jatuh, dan kegiatan sosial
B ACKGROUNDDisability is some of the limitations or absence (the result of Impairment) theability to carry out activities that are completely normal as humans. Impairment isthe loss or abnormality of physiological or anatomical structures. Functionaldisability in the context of ICIDH-1 is a terminology that has implications forthree aspects, namely: weakness, limited activity, and limited participation,increased functional disability in the elderly is a result of increasing one's age anddeterioration process which is also affected by aging and multi-disease.METHODThis research is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach.The total number of respondents was 529 elderly who lived in the JagakarsaDistrict, South Jakarta. This study uses secondary data taken in 3 Public healthcenter of Jagakarsa District (Jagakarsa, Lenteng Agung and Srengseng Sawah)Data analysis is done by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test and using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23rd version.RESULTSThe analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between Activity DailyLiving (ADL) and disability where the value of p = 0,000. The analysis showsthat there is a significant correlation the Abbreviated mental test and disabilitywhere the value of p = 0,000. The analysis shows that there is a significantcorrelation between falling risk and disability where the value of p = 0,000. Theanalysis shows that there is a significant correlation between social activities anddisabilities where the value of p = 0.027.CONCLUSIONMostly people with disabilities are elderly people aged 60-69 and female gender.Variables that are dominantly related to disability events are age, gender, ActivityDaily Living, Abbreviated Mental Test, risk of falling, and social activities