Hubungan antara status gizi dan karies gigi (Laporan Penelitian)
K aries gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang masih tinggi di Indonesia. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat konsumsi dan asupan gizi. Asupan gizi yang optimal diperlukan untuk menghasilkan gigi yang kuat dan gusi sehat. Kekurangan gizi dapat menganggu struktur gigi dan kelenjar saliva pada masa tumbuh kembang anak. Gangguan struktur gigi dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya karies. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara status gizi dan karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Cianjur, di luar Kecamatan Cipanas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 190 anak dari SDN Puncak Simun, SD MI Islamiah, SDN Nyalindung III, SD MI Almanar, SDN Leuweng Datar. Pengukuran karies gigi menggunakan indeks deft dan DMFT. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan status antropometri Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 84,2% subyek memiliki gizi baik. Subyek dengan indeks DMFT rendah jauh lebih banyak dibandingkan subyek dengan indeks DMFT tinggi yaitu berturut-turut 81,4% dan 18,6%. Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan indeks deft maupun indeks DMFT antara subyek dengan status gizi baik dan gizi kurang (p>0,05). Hasil uji koefisien kontingensi juga menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dan karies gigi baik pada gigi sulung maupun gigi permanen (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dan karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Cianjur, di luar Kecamatan Cipanas.
D ental caries is one of many health problems that are still high in Indonesia. Nutritional status is influenced by the level of consumption and nutrient intake. Optimal nutrition is needed to produce strong teeth and healthy gums. Malnutrition may disrupt tooth structure and salivary glands during child growth and development. Impaired of tooth structure may increase the risk of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between nutritional status and dental caries in schoolchildren in Cianjur district, outside subdistrict of Cipanas. This research was an observational study with cross-sectional design, with a sample size of 190 children from SDN Puncak Simun, SD MI Islamiah Haregem, SDN Nyalindung III, SD MI Almanar, SDN Leuweng Datar. Dental caries was measured by using the deft and DMFT index. Nutritional status was determined by using the anthropometric status of Body Mass Index (BMI). The results showed 84.2% of subjects had good nutrition. Subjects with low DMFT index were much more than subjects with high DMFT index, that was 81.4% and 18.6% respectively. Chi-Square test results showed no significant differences of dental caries in both deft and DMFT index between subjects with good nutrition and under nutrition (p>0.05). Contingency Coefficient test results also showed there was no correlation between nutritional status and dental caries in primary / permanent dentition (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no relationship between the nutritional status and dental caries in schoolchildren in Cianjur district, outside sub-district of Cipanas.