Pengaruh penggunaan pestisida terhadap kejadian dermatitis kontak pada petani
M asalah kulit adalah salah satu penyakit yang paling sering dijumpai di Indonesia. Diantaranya adalah penyakit kulit akibat kerja, yang 90-95% merupakan dermatitis kontak. Studi epidemiologi di Indonesia yang memperlihatkan bahwa 97% dari 389 kasus dermatitis kontak, terdiri atas 66,3% dermatitis kontak iritan dan 33,7% dermatitis kontak alergik. Dermatitis kontak dapat terjadi pada semua jenis pekerjaan yaitu pekerja rumah sakit, bangunan, pabrik, dan salon serta petani yang berhubungan dengan tanaman, pupuk, dan pestisida. Pekerja di bidang pertanian melakukan pekerjaan yang bervariasi dan dapat terpajan bahan kimia, biologi, dan bahan berbahaya lainnya. Para pekerja pertanian khususnya petani terpajan bahan-bahan kimia seperti pestisida yang sering digunakan dibidang pertanian yang dapat mempengaruhi meningkatnya angka kejadian dermatitis kontak akibat kerja METODE: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2018 pada petani di Desa Juntikebon di RT 1, RT 3, dan RT 5 pada RW 2. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 91 petani. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan kuesioner, yaitu kuesioner penggunaan pestisida, lama pajanan dan kelengkapan memakai alat pelindung diri serta diagnosis dermatitis kontak oleh dokter spesialis kulit. Hasil pengumpulan data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS (Statistical product and service solution) 25for window dengan uji Chi-Square HASIL: Didapatkan hasil petani yang menggunakan pestisida dan menderita dermatitis kontak sebesar 75.8%, petani dengan lama pajanan kurang baik dan menderita dermatitis kontak sebesar 83.3%, petani dengan penggunaan APD tidak lengkap dan menderita dermatitis kontak sebesar 70.5%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan pestisida dengan kejadian dermatitis kontak (p=0.000), lama pajanan dengan dermatitis kontak (p = 0.027), dan penggunaan APD dengan dermatitis kontak (p = 0.005), nilai p < 0.05 KESIMPULAN: Terdapat hubungan penggunaan pestisida terhadap kejadian dermatitis kontak, terdapat hubungan lama pajanan dengan dermatitis kontak, terdapat hubungan penggunaan APD dengan dermatitis kontak pada petani di Desa Juntikebon kecamatan Juntinyuat kabupaten Indramayu.
S kin diseases are one of the most common diseases in Indonesia. Among them are work-related by the skin diseases, of which 90-95% are contact dermatitis. The epidemiological studies in Indonesia showed that 97% of 389 cases of contact dermatitis consisted of 66.3% irritant contact dermatitis and 33.7% allergic contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis can occur in all types of work including: hospital workers, construction workers, factory workers, salon workers and farmers related to plants, fertilizers, and pesticides. The agricultural workers do various jobs and can be exposed to chemicals, biology and other hazardous materials. Agricultural workers, especially farmers are exposed to chemicals such as pesticides that is often used in agriculture which can affect the increased incidence of occupational contact dermatitis METHODS: This research conducted by using observational analytic method with cross sectional approach. The research has been conducted in August to September 2018 to the farmers in Juntikebon in RT 1, RT 3, and RT 5 in RW 2. The number of samples in this research were 91 farmers. The sample had taken by using a questionnaire, the questionnaire pesticide use, duration of exposure and completeness wear personal protective equipment as well as contact dermatitis diagnosis by a dermatologist. The results of the data collection were analyze by using the SPSS program (Statistical product and service solution) for the window using the Chi-Square test RESULTS: The results of farmers using pesticides and contact dermatitis amounted to 75.8%, the farmers with poor exposure and contact dermatitis amounted to 83.3%, the farmers with incomplete personal protective equipment and contact dermatitis amounted to 70.5%. The results showed that there was a correlation between the use of pesticides and the incidence of contact dermatitis (p = 0.000), length of exposure with contact dermatitis (p = 0.027), and use of PPE with contact dermatitis (p = 0.005), p value <0.05 CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between the use of pesticides on the incidence of contact dermatitis, there is a correlation between the duration of exposure to contact dermatitis, and there is a correlation between the use of PPE and contact dermatitis in farmers in Juntikebon Village, Juntinyuat Subdistrict, Indramayu District.