Pengaruh jumlah kendaraan tehadap konsentrasi partikulat dan Pb (timah hitam) di Kampus B Universitas Trisakti
P encemaran udara merupakan masalah lingkungan yang sangat penting dan secara langsung dapat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan konsumsi energi di bidang transportasi dan industri perkotaan sehingga hal tersebut menjadi penyebab utama turunnya kualitas udara ambien. Kualitas udara di sekitar Kampus B memiliki kemungkinan yang cukup besar untuk mengalami penurunan kualitas udara karena Ietak kampus di tepi jalan raya yang dilalui oleh banyak kendaraan bennotor. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang kualitas udara kampus dengan parameter pencemar udara partikulat dan Pb sehingga diketahui pengaruh jumlahkendaraan terhadap konsentrasi pencemar.Pencemaran udara adalah adanya materi-materi yang tidak diinginkan di dalam udara, dalam kuantitas yang cukup besar dapat menimbulkan efek berbahaya (de Nevers,1995).Penelitian dilakukan tanggal 11 Agustus 2003 sampai 13 Agustus 2003 pada waktu pagi, siang, dan malam hari, di Kampus B Universitas Trisakti Jl.Kyai Tapa, Grogol, Jakarta Barat. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan di lima titik yaitu : pintu masuk sebanyak dua titik, pintu keluar, basement, satu titik di wilayah pemukiman sekitar kampus yang digunakan sebagai titik kontrol. Analisis partikulat menggunakan metode gravimetri. Sedangkan analisis Pb menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric).Dari hasil pengukuran diketahui bahwa konsentrasi partikulat tertinggi adalah di pintu keluar kampus Il.Kyai Tapa (11 Agustus 2003 jam 08.00-11.00 WIB) yaitu 671,440 µglm3• Hal ini disebabkan jumlah kendaraan yang lewat jwnlahnya cukup banyak, terutama jenis kendaraan bis dan metromini yang berbahan bakar solar yang memiliki faktor emisi partikulat lebih besar dibandingkan bahan bakar bensin. Untuk Pb konsentrasi tertinggi adalah di basement (12Agustus 2003 jam 13.30-15.30 WIB) yaitu 11,070 µg/m3• Hal ini disebabkan basementmerupakan ruangan bawah tanah sehingga sirkulasi udara di ruangan ini tidak cukup bagus.Akibatnya polutan Pb terakumulasi dibantu dengan kecepatan angin yang kecil yangmenyebabkan penyebaran polutan tidak terlalu besar. Setelah dikonversi ke dalam waktupengukuran balm mutu dengan menggunakan rumus Canter diperoleh bahwa konseittrasi partikulat dan Pb di atas telah melewati baku mutu. Konsentrasi terendah untuk partikulat dan Pb adalah di titik kontrol yaitu 258,781 µglm3 dan 0,007 µg/m3• Hal ini disebabkan jumlah kendaraan bennotor yang lewat pada titik ini kecil. Analisis korelasi partikulat pada pagi dan malam hari memiliki nilai R>0,5. Untuk analisis korelasi Pb pada malam hari nilai R>0,5. Hal ini menunjukkan jumlah kendaraan bermotor berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi partikulat clan Pb~qm .Agar dapat menurunkan pencemaran udara sebaiknya dilakukan penurunan Pb padabensin dan perbaikan sarana transportasi umum sehingga masyarakat lebih menyukai untuk menggunakan kendaraan umum. Untuk kondisi basement Kampus B perlu adanya perbaikan exhaust agar tidak terlalu pengap.
A ir pollution represent a significant environmental problem and can be directly related to the increase in energy consumption that has occurred in the areas of transportation and industry that have became prime causes for the decrease in ambient air quality around campus B has a great potential to experience a decrease in quality due to the positioning of the campus close to a main road that is heavily used by motor vehicles. To determine this research into the quality of the air around the campus needed to be carried out with air pollutant parameters based up on particulates and Pb within the air . From this, the influence of the total number of motor vehicles an the concentration of pollutants can be determined.Air pollution is the existence of indesired materials in the air, which in relatively large quantities can have dangerous consequences/effects (de Nevers, 1995).The research was carried out between August 11 and 13 2003, in the morning, at noon and at night, at Trisakti University's Campus B in n.Kyai Tapa, Grogol, West Jakarta. The location of the sample done at five points that is: two of the campus' entrance ways, one of its exist, in a basement and a point in the residential area surrounding the campus that was used to represent the point of control analysis of the particulates was done by gravimetry method while analysis of the amount of lead in the air was done by way of the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method.From the measurement results it was determined that the highest concentration of particulates occurred at the campus' exit on J1.Kyai Tapa (11 August 2003 at 18.00-11.00), measuring 671,440µg/m3.This results from the relatively large number of vehicles that pass by, especially those which are buses or metrominis that are diesel fuelled, whose emission of particulates is considerly higher than those vehicles fuelled. by petrol. The highest lead concentration occurred in the basement ( 12 August2003 at 13.30-15.30), measuring 11,070 µg/m3.This was caused by the fact that basement is anunderground room with poor air circulation. The result is that lead pollutants had accumulated with the help of a low wind speed that caused the spread of pollutants to be limited After being converted into the quality standar measurement of time by using the Canter formula, it was obtained that the above concentration of particulates and lead within the air already exceeds the quality standar. The lowest concentrations of particulates and lead was at the point of control, that is 258, 781 µg/m3 and 0,007µg/m3 respectively. This results from the low number of vehicles that pass by this point. The correlation analysis of particulates in the air in the morning as opposed to at night is valued at R>0,5. For the lead correlation analysis at night it was determined to be R>0,5. This indicates that the total number of motor vehicles does impact up on the particulates and lead concentrations in the field.In order to reduce air pollution, a decrease in the quantity of lead used in fuel and improvement in public transportation means so that the community will be more inclined to use public transport is desirable. For conditions within campus B's basement, there needs to be an improvement in the exhaust so that the air is not too stuffy.