Analisis beban emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) terhadap rencana TransJakarta dari bus konvensional menjadi bus listrik pada koridor 2 (Pulogadung – Harmoni Sentral)
K ota Jakarta memiliki tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi sehingga kebutuhan akan transportasi umum meningkat, TransJakarta menjadi salah satu penyedia. Bus TransJakarta saat ini masih menggunakan bus konvensional berbahan bakar solar atau compressed natural gas (CNG), dan memiliki rencana mengganti menjadi bus listrik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis beban emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) bus konvensional berdasarkan jenis bus dan fasilitas pembangkit listrik (Unit Pembangkit Muara Karang) sebagai sumber energi pengganti bahan bakar pada rencana bus listrik di TransJakarta pada Koridor 2 (Pulogadung – Harmoni Sentral). Metode penelitian menggunakan perhitungan Tier-1 dari pedoman Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2019 berdasarkan data akivitas operasional bus konvensional di tahun 2019. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui total emisi CO2 tertinggi bus konvensional untuk jenis single (solar) dengan bus beroperasi 1.228 unit sebesar 895.695 kg/tahun oleh operator PPD, maxi (solar) 3.799 unit sebesar 3.971.738 kg/tahun oleh operator Steady Safe, dan articulated (CNG) 4.489 unit oleh operator Swakelola sebesar 2.674.512 kg/tahun. Reduksi emisi CO2 pada bus listrik jenis single oleh operator PPD sebesar 1.133.849 kg/tahun, medium oleh operator Steady Safe sebesar 2.172.495 kg/tahun, dan articulated oleh operator Swakelola sebesar 2.674.512 kg/tahun. Jika bus konvensional jenis single diganti bus listrik maka emisi CO2 meningkat 27,35%, begitu juga pada jenis articulated meningkat hingga 12,00%, tetapi pada jenis medium mengalami penurunan sebesar 45,21%. Perhitungan juga dilakukan jika bus dengan bahan bakar solar digantikan dengan CNG, maka bus single mengalami penurunan emisi CO2 sebesar 28,30%. Artinya pengurangan emisi CO2 dapat dilakukan dengan penggantian bus konvensional maxi menjadi bus listrik medium. Energi yang digunakan bus listrik sebesar 1.042 kW atau hanya 1,15% dari kapasitas produksi Unit Pembangkit Muara Karang yang dialokasikan sebesar 90.900 kW sehingga tidak menambah emisi CO2 di sumber pembangkit listrik
T he City of Jakarta has a high population density, so the need for public transportation is increasing, TransJakarta as one of the providers. Currently, TransJakarta buses are still using conventional buses with diesel fuel of compressed natural gas (CNG), and TransJakarta has a plan to replace them with electric buses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission load of conventional buses based on bus types and power plant facilities (Muara Karang Power Plant) as an energy source of electric buses which replace conventional fuel buses of TransJakarta on Corridor 2 (Pulogadung – Harmoni Central. The research method using Tier-1 calculations from the 2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines based on operational activity data of conventional buses in 2019. The results of this study show that the highest total CO2 emissions of conventional buses are for single (solar) type with a 1.228 units operating bus produce 895.695 kg/year operated by PPD, maxi (solar) with a 3.799 units operating bus produce 3.971.738 kg/tahun operate by Steady Safe, and articulated (CNG) 4.489 units operating bus produce 2.674.512 kg/tahun operated by Self-managed operators. The reduction of CO2 emissions on single-type electric buses by PPD operators is 1.133.849 kg/year, medium-type by Steady safe operators is 2.172.495 kg/tahun, and articulated-type by Self-managed operators is 2.674.512 kg/year. If a conventional single type bus is replaced by an electric bus, the CO2 emission increased by 27.35% as well as. The articulated type increased by up to 12.00%, but in the medium type it decreased by 45.21%. The calculation is also carried out if a bus with diesel fuel is replaced with CNG, then the single bus CO2 emissions will be decreased by 28.30%. This means that CO2 emission reduction can be done by replacing maxi conventional buses with medium electric buses. The energy used by the electric bus is 1.042 kW or only 1.15% of the production capacity of the Muara Karang Power Unit which allocated for 90.900 kW so it does not increase CO2 emissions at the power plant source