Pengaruh faktor spesifik dan makroekonomi terhadap profitabilitas bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
P enelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh faktor spesifik dan makroekonomi terhadap profitabilitas bank. Return on assets (ROA) digunakan sebagai proksi profitabilitas bank. Sedangkan variabel independen dalam penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua, spesifik yaitu credit risk, bank size, non-interest income, efficiency, capital adequacy, credit quality, asset utilization, lending propensity, financial leverage dan real interest rate, inflation rate, economic growth sebagai faktor makroekonomi. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 36 bank umum dengan periode penelitian dari 2016 – 2020. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa credit risk, non interest income, capital adequacy, asset utilization, financial leverage, real interest rate, inflation rate, economic growth tidak berpengaruh terhadap return on asset, bank size berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap return on asset, efficiency berpengaruh negatif terhadap return on asset, credit quality berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap return on asset, lending propensity berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap return on asset. Implikasi manajerial untuk perusahaan sebaiknya dapat untuk selalu meningkatkan pendapatan bunga, dikarenakan pendapatan bunga merupakan pendapatan utama dari bank konvensional. Manajer bank harus mengawasi biaya-biaya operasional secara efektif agar dapat menekan rasio efficiency sehingga beban operasional lebih rendah dibandingkan pendapatan operasionalnya.
T his study aims to examine the effect of specific and macroeconomic factors on bank profitability. Return on assets (ROA) is used as a proxy for bank profitability. While the independent variables in this study are divided into two, namely credit risk, bank size, non-interest income, efficiency, capital adequacy, credit quality, asset utilization, lending propensity, financial leverage and real interest rate, inflation rate, economic growth as macroeconomic factors. The sample used was 36 commercial banks with a research period from 2016 - 2020. The data used were secondary data. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with panel data regression analysis method. The results showed that credit risk, non-interest income, capital adequacy, asset utilization, financial leverage, real interest rate, inflation rate, economic growth had no effect on return on assets, bank size had a significant negative effect on return on assets, efficiency had a negative effect on return on assets. return on assets, credit quality has a significant positive effect on return on assets, lending propensity has a negative and significant effect on return on assets. The managerial implication for the company should be to always increase interest income, because interest income is the main income of conventional banks. Bank managers must monitor operational costs effectively in order to suppress the efficiency ratio so that operating expenses are lower than operating income.