Hubungan senam jantung sehat dan frekuensi angina pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner
P enyakit kardiovaskular bertanggung jawab lebih dari 400 per 100.000 kematian di Indonesia, terutama akibat penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Penyakit jantung koroner memiliki gejala umum yaitu angina dimana sering mengganggu kehidupan sehari-hari. Meskipun latihan fisik sering menjadi pemicu dari serangan angina, namun latihan fisik menjadi pilihan utama rehabilitasi terutama bersifat aerobik. Dan salah satu bentuk latihan fisik aerobik yang dilakukan masyarakat Indonesia adalah Senam Jantung Sehat (SJS). Penelitian ini diharapkan bahwa SJS memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan frekuensi angina pada pasien PJK. Rancangan penelitian secara analisis observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang diikuti oleh 23 peserta SJS di klub senam di dekat Rumah Sakit Harapan Kita selama bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2016. Pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara yang meliputi karakteristik subjek, riwayat senam, riwayat tatalaksana dan penilaian angina terutama frekuensi angina. Karakteristik subjek, dan riwayat subjek menggunakan kuesioner, dan penilaian angina menggunakan Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,01 software Statistic Package for Social Science for Windows versi 20. Mayoritas responden antara 65-74 tahun dengan riwayat penyakit terbanyak adalah hipertensi, dan riwayat tatalaksana terbanyak antiplatelet, serta percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) dengan stent. Sebesar 43,5% merasa frekuensi angina minimal setelah aktif senam. SJS berhubungan dengan frekuensi angina (p=0,009) dan limitasi fisik (p=0,004). Akan tetapi, SJS tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup dan stabilitas angina. Perlu dilakukan observasi berkala untuk menilai perkembangan angina pasien, terutama bagi penderita penyakit jantung koroner. SJS harus dikembangkan untuk mengurangi frekuensi angina, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.
C ardiovascular diseases are responsible for more than 400 in 100.000 deaths in Indonesia, especially from coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary artery disease has a common symptom is angina, which usually interfere daily activities. Besides triggering angina attacks, exercise has also become part of main rehabilitation programs especially aerobic exercise. And Senam Jantung Sehat (SJS) become one of the aerobic exercise that most communities in Indonesia do. This research hopefully showed SJS has a significant association with angina frequency in CAD patients. The study used analytic observational study with cross-sectional design that include 23 SJS participant in a club near Harapan Kita Hospital from October to December 2016. The data collection was done by interview, which includes characteristics of the subjects, history of SJS exercise and treatments, and angina assessments especially angina frequency. The characteristics of the subjects, and subject history was assessed by questionnaire, whilst the angina assessments was assessed by Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov with a significance level p<0,01 with Statistic Package for Social Science software for Windows version 20. The majority of subjects were between 65-74 years old with most medical histories were hypertension, and most treatment histories were antiplatelets also percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting. About 43,5% found minimal in angina frequency after actively exercising. SJS was associated with angina frequency (p=0,009) and physical limitation (p=0,004). However, SJS was not associated with quality of life and angina stability. Periodic observational assessment is required to assess patient’ angina, especially patients with coronary artery disease. SJS must be developed to reduce angina frequency, and increase the patient’ quality of life.