Degradasi bioplastik oleh konsorsium lactobacillus fermentum dan dekkera bruxellensis dalam lingkungan terkontrol
M eskipun bioplastik diklaim dapat terurai lebih cepat di lingkungan, zat aditif yang digunakan dalam produksi bioplastik ternyata menghambat penguraian alami, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan akumulasi limbah plastik di lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan respon pertumbuhan konsorsium bakteri Lactobacillus fermentum dan fungi Dekkera bruxellensis dalam media Stone Mineral Salt Solution (SMSS), menentukan kondisi lingkungan (konsentrasi mikroba, suhu, dan waktu kontak) optimum untuk degradasi bioplastik, dan menentukan efisiensi biodegradasi bioplastik oleh konsorsium mikroba. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam sistem batch. Mikroba dikultivasi dalam erlenmeyer 100 mLmenggunakan media SMSS yang diletakkan pada shaker incubator, kecepatan putar 150 rpm dan suhu 35oC dan 150 rpm. Penelitian pada media SMSS dilakukan secara simultan dengan variasi suhu (?) 25, 30, 35 dan variasi mikroba (%) 10, 20, 30 di dalam erlenmeyer 100 mL yang diinkubasi pada shaker incubator, kecepatan putar 150 rpm dan suhu 25, 30, dan 35oC. Penelitian variasi waktu kontak (hari) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 dilakukan secara simultan pada media tanah dan SMSS semuanya dengan penambahan 10% mikroba, kemudian diletakkan pada suhu ruang dan inkubator suhu 30?C selama 50 hari. Analisis sampelmenggunakan metode gravimetri, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), dan Scanning ElectronMicroscope (SEM). Fase eksponensial konsorsium mikroba tercapai pada jam ke-72. Pada media SMSS dengan penambahan 30% mikroba dan suhu 35°C menunjukkan efisiensi biodegradasi tertinggi sebesar 24,92 %. Selama 50 hari pada media SMSS yang diinkubasi pada suhu 30oC dan suhu ruang memberikan ratarata efisiensi biodegradasi masing-masing sebesar 23,27% dan 23,56%. Pada media tanah masing-masing memberikan rata-rata efisiensi biodegradasi sebesar 18,47% dan 17,61%. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan adanya perubahan morfologi pada permukaan sampel bioplastik. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan perubahan gugus carbonyl aromatik (C=C) pada sampel bioplastik sebesar 7%. Penelitian ini menggunakan kinetika reaksi, pada media SMSS sesuai dengan kinetika reaksi orde dua. Pada media tanah sesuai dengan kinetika reaksi orde nol. Dampak penelitian ini bisa memberikan rekomendasi alternatif menggunakan konsorsium Lactobacillus fermentum dan Dekkera bruxellensis untuk biodegradasi bioplastik.
A lthough bioplastics are claimed to degrade faster in the environment, the additives used in bioplastic production actually hinder natural degradation, potentially increasing the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment. This study aims to determine the growth response of the Lactobacillus fermentum and Dekkera bruxellensis microbial consortium in Stone Mineral Salt Solution (SMSS) media, determine the optimal environmental conditions (microbial concentration, temperature, and contact time) for bioplastic degradation, and determine the efficiency of biodegradation of bioplastics by the microbial consortium. This research was conducted in a batch system. The microbes were cultivated in 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks using SMSS media placed in a shaker incubator at a rotation speed of 150 rpm and a temperature of 35°C. The study on SMSS media was conducted simultaneously with variations in temperature (25, 30, 35°C) and microbial variations (10, 20, 30%) in 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks incubated in a shaker incubator at a rotation speed of 150 rpm and temperatures of 25, 30, and 35°C. The study on variations in contact time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 days) was conducted simultaneously in both soil and SMSS media with the addition of 10% microbes, then placed at room temperature and in an incubator at 30°C for 50 days. Sample analysis was performed using gravimetric, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) methods. The exponential phase of microbial consortium growth was achieved at 72 hours. In SMSS media with the addition of 30% microbes and a temperature of 35°C, the highest biodegradation efficiency of 24.92% was observed. Over 50 days, the average biodegradation efficiency in SMSS media incubated at 30°C and room temperature was 23.27% and 23.56%. In soil media, the average biodegradation efficiency was 18.47% and 17.61%. SEM analysis results showed changes in the morphology of the bioplastic sample surface. FTIR analysis results showed a 7% change in the aromatic carbonyl (C=C) group in the bioplastic sample. This study used reaction kinetics, with SMSS media following second-order reaction kinetics and soil media following zero-order reaction kinetics. The impact of this research can provide alternative recommendations for using the Lactobacillus fermentum and Dekkera bruxellensis consortium for biodegradation of bioplastics.