Perencanaan unit pengolahan kotoran hewan (KOHE) menjadi pupuk organik dengan penambahan bioaktivator di Desa Cibodas Kecamatan Pasir Jambu Bandung
U saha peternakan sapi perah saat ini, khususnya di Desa Cibodas, Kabupaten Bandung, belum mampu mengolah hasil kotoran hewan yang dihasilkan, sehingga mencemari lingkungan sekitar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merencanakan unit pengolahan kohe sapi di Desa Cibodas. Dalam melakukan perencanaan unit pengolahan kohe sapi, diperlukan data kondisi peternakan sapi perah di Desa Cibodas, penentuan variasi bahan baku terpilih dari 5 variasi bahan yang telah ditentukan yaitu P1 Kotoran Sapi 100%, P2 Kotoran Sapi 70% dan Lumpur Biogas 30%, P3 Kotoran Sapi 70% dan Kotoran Ayam 30%, P4 Kotoran Sapi 60%, Lumpur Biogas 20%, dan Kotoran ayam 20%, dan P5 Kotoran Ayam 100%, serta pengamatan proses pengomposan dengan bioaktivator. Data kondisi peternakan sapi perah di Desa Cibodas diperoleh melalui observasi menggunakan kuesioner. Penentuan variasi bahan baku terpilih dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil laboratorium pupuk kohe dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 70 tentang Pupuk Organik, Pupuk Hayati, dan Pembenah Tanah. Selain itu, penentuan variasi bahan baku terpilih juga berdasarkan harga bahan baku, ketersediaan bahan, dan rasio C/N. Variasi bahan baku terpilih selanjutnya diterapkan pada perencanaan unit pengolahan kohe yang direncanakan. Pengamatan proses pengomposan akan menghasilkan data proses produksi sebagai kriteria desain dalam perencanaan unit pengolahan kohe sapi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan, terdapat 11 RW di Desa Cibodas sebagai sumber penghasil kohe sapi dengan total kohe sapi sebanyak ± 12 ton kohe/hari. Variasi bahan baku terpilih yang digunakan dalam perancangan unit pengolahan kohe sapi adalah pupuk kotoran sapi 100%. Data pengamatan proses pengomposan dengan 550 kg bahan baku berlangsung selama 21 hari. Pengomposan dilakukan pada bed berukuran 0,8 m x 1,7 m x 0,4 m, dengan dosis bioaktivator sebanyak 550 ml, sehingga didapat kriteria desain unit pengolahan kohe sapi yaitu dosis bioaktivator 1 liter/1 ton bahan baku, ketinggian pupuk kohe 40 cm, pengomposan berlangsung selama 21 hari dengan penyusutan sebesar 40%. Pada perencanaan unit pengolahan kohe sapi dilakukan perencanaan untuk daerah pelayanan terpilih yaitu RW 11, RW 12, dan RW 13 dengan total kohe yang dihasilkan 1640 kg. Unit pengolahan kohe sapi di daerah pelayanan yang telah ditentukan diterapkan dengan pola tersebar berdasarkan pertimbangan tidak membutuhkan lahan yang besar dalam pembangunan unit pengolahan, dan biaya operasional yang murah. Dalam satu kali proses produksi kohe sapi sebanyak 1640 kg/2 hari dibutuhkan bed berukuran 2,4 m x 1,7 m x 0,4 m dengan 21 hari pengomposan dibutuhkan bed sebanyak 12 bed. Pengembangan unit pengolahan kohe sapi di Desa Cibodas dengan pola tersebar direncanakan dapat terealisasikan semua pada tahun ke-3
D airy farm nowadays, especially in Cibodas Village, Bandung Regency, has not been able to process cow manure, therefore it has been polluting the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study is to design a cow manure treatment unit in Cibodas Village. To be able to design a cow manure treatment, there are some data such as, the condition of dairy fame in Cibodas Village, determinated of selected raw material variation from five material variations there are, P1 100% cow manure, P2 70% cow manure and 30% biogas sludge, P3 70% cow manure and 30% chicken manure, P4 60% cow manure, 20% biogas sludge, and 20% chicken manure, and P5 100% chicken manure, also observation of composting process with bioactivator. Conditions of dairy farm in Cibodas Village is obtained through observation with a questionnaire. To identify the selected raw materials variation were carried out by comparing laboratory results with Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 70 concering Organic Fertilizers, Biofertilizers, and Soil Improvement. Determinated of selected raw materials variation is also determined based on price, material availability, and C/N ratio. The selected raw materials variation will be applied to the cow manure treatment unit. Observations of composting process will produce observation result data as design criteria cow manure treatment unit. The result of study show that there are eleven areas in Cibodas Village as the sources of cow manure with total cow manure ± 12 tons cow manure/day. The selected raw materials variation used in cow manure treatment unit is 100% cow manure. Composting with 550 kg raw material carried out for 21 days. Composting is carried out on beds measuring 0,8 m x 1,7 m x 0,4 m with a bioactivator dose of 550 ml, so design criteria of cow manure treatment unit is bioactivator dose 1 liter/1 tons of raw materials, the compost height is 40 cm, composting process is carried out for 21 days with decreasing by 40%. Cow manure treatment unit is planned to serve selected areas called RW 11, 12, 13 with 1.640 kg of cow manure. Cow manure treatment unit is using disperse method based on the low efficiency of land and low operasional cost. In one cycle of composting process with 1.640 kg needs a bed with the size of 2,4 m x 1,7 m x 0,4 m. In 21 days of composting process, needs around twelve beds. Cow manure treatment unit in Cibodas Village will be held on third year .