Perancangan model simulasi dinamika sistem untuk mengantisipasi gangguan sistem produksi pembuatan komponen cylinder head pada PT. Xyz
P PT. XYZ memproduksi engine motor dan komponen-komponennya. Salah satu komponen engine tersebut adalah cylinder head. PT. XYZ memproduksi cylinder head sesuai dengan perencanaan master production scheduling (MPS) motor berdasarkan peramalan permintaan pelanggan. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada PT. XYZ ialah pengelolaan safety stock komponen cylinder head yang diluar level ideal 60 – 80% dari kapasitas assembly engine yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Cylinder head dari bagian produksi akan di supply ke proses assembly engine. Permasalahan tersebut disebabkan oleh gangguan-gangguan internal dan eksternal. Gangguan internal meliputi: efisiensi lini yang kurang optimal, lost time, pengaturan waktu kerja, produk cacat, lamanya maintenance mesin, dan waktu layoff. Gangguan eksternal meliputi: delay pasokan bahan baku, bahan baku yang tidak memenuhi standar kualitas, dan order dari assembly engine. Gangguan-gangguan tersebut mengakibatkan tidak tercapainya key performance indicator (KPI) yaitu order fulfillment ratio dan level safety stock 60 – 80% dari kapasitas assembly engine. Tujuan dari penelitian ialah merancang model dan simulasi sistem produksi dengan pemodelan dinamika sistem, dan memberikan usulan alternatif skenario perbaikan sistem produksi untuk menjaga kestabilan sistem produksi dengan mengacu kepada key performance indicator (KPI) order fulfillment ratio dan kebijakan safety stock di proses pembuatan komponen cylinder head.Penelitian dimulai dari analisis sistem, yang dituangkan dalam causal loop diagram dan stock and flow diagram. Dengan input data produksi bulan Januari – Juni 2016 dilakukan simulasi dinamika sistem produksi. Verifikasi model dilakukan dengan melakukan verifikasi struktur model dengan cara brainstorming bersama pihak bagian produksi dan memeriksa ada atau tidak adanya error pada software Powersim, dan validasi model dilakukan dengan melakukan uji MAPE terhadap data produksi dan inventory komponen cylinder head. Hasil validasi dikatakan valid karena hasil MAPE < 10%.Hasil dari perancangan model dinamika sistem umumnya menunjukkan bahwa order fulfillment ratio komponen cylinder head ke bagian assembly engine sudah terpenuhi, namun persentase safety stock tidak beraturan dan seringkali berada diatas batas atas level safety stock. Tidak tercapainya KPI order fulfillment ratio dan kebijakan safety stock 60 – 80% dari kapasitas assembly engine tersebut diakibatkan oleh faktor pengaturan waktu shift kerja yang tidak optimal dan terjadinya lost time. Dengan melakukan skenario yang mengacu kepada dua faktor tersebut, hasil skenario menunjukkan pengaturan waktu shift kerja dapat mengoptimalkan produksi, dengan menggunakan shift tambahan yang konsisten setiap harinya, dan penurunan persentase lost time dapat memaksimalkan produksi komponen cylinder head. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang diusulkan kepada bagian PPIC ialah dengan melakukan kombinasi pengaturan penjadwalan produksi dan pengurangan persentase lost time.
P PT. XYZ manufactures motorcycle engines and its components. One of the components that PT. XYZ manufacture are cylinder heads. PT. XYZ manufacture its cylinder heads according to motorcycle units master production schedule (MPS) based on customer demand forecast. Problems that occur at PT. XYZ is the management of safety stock level of cylinder head components that is outside the ideal level set by the company. Manufactured cylinder head components from production line are sent to assembly engine line. The problem is caused by internal and external disturbances. Internal disturbances include: a not optimal line efficiency, lost time, working time settings, defective products, length of machine maintenance, and layoff time. External disturbances include: delay in supply of raw materials, raw materials that do not meet quality standards, and fluctuating orders from assembly engines. These disturbances resulted in the non-achievement of key performance indicator (KPI) of order fulfillment ratio and the safety stock level of 60-80% of assembly engine capacity. The purpose of this research is to design a model and simulate the production system using system dynamics modeling, and to propose scenario suggestions of production system improvement to stabilize production system by referring to key performance indicator (KPI) of order fulfillment ratio and safety stock policy in the process of manufacturing cylinder head components.This research began with system analysis, which was summarized into a causal loop diagram and a stock and flow diagram. Production data inputs from January to June 2016 were then analyzed into the dynamics of production system. The model verification was done by verifying the model structure by brainstorming with an expert in the company’s production department and by checking the errors occurred in Powersim. Meanwhile, model validation was done by MAPE test using cylinder head production and inventory data. The validation result is valid because the MAPE results are < 10%.The result of the system dynamics model design generally shows that the order fulfillment ratio of cylinder head components to the assembly engine line has been fulfilled, but the percentage of safety stock is irregular and often above the upper limit of the safety stock level. The key performance indicator is not achieved because of the ineffectiveness of working time planning and the occurrence of lost time. By scenarios referring to these two factors, the scenario results show that a good working time setting can optimize production, using consistent daily shifts per day, and decreasing lost time percentages can maximize the production of cylinder head components. The policy recommendation proposed to the PPIC section is to perform a combination of production scheduling arrangements and reduction of lost time percentages.