Aksesibilitas perumahan menurut lansia di perkotaan jabodetabek
A Angka harapan hidup makin tinggi dan jumlah lansia (berusia di atas 60 tahun) saat ini pada kota-kota di wilayah Jabodetabek sebesar 1.724.163 jiwa. Namun dalam hal aksesibilitas perumahan menurut lansia dinilai masih terdapat banyak kekurangan Studi terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa lansia memiliki preferensi atas perumahan dengan penghuni yang usianya beragam, artinya terdapat ketergantungan pada keluarga atau tetangga yang lebih muda untuk melakukan pergerakan, baik pergerakan di dalam perumahan terlebih pergerakan ke luar perumahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasi indikator aksesibilitas perumahan menurut lansia. Aksesibilitas perumahan menurut lansia berkaitan dengan kemudahan menjangkau berbagai fasilitas, termasuk keamanan dan kenyamanan fasilitas, serta kenyamanan dan keamanan prasarana pergerakan. Hal ini berkaitan dengan keterbatasan fisik juga psikis lansia. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survey angket. Responden lansia berjumlah 100 yang berasal dari kota Jakarta 42%, kota Bogor 10%, Kota Depok 12%, kota Tangerang 28%, dan kota Bekasi 8%. Teknik analisis menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan bantuan software Smart-PLS. Hasil uji model menunjukkan bahwa semua dimensi yang diuji adalah signifikan yang meliputi kemudahan menjangkau berbagai fasilitas, keamanan dan kenyamanan fasilitas, dan kenyamanan dan keamanan prasarana pergerakan. Dimensi kemudahan menjangkau berbagai fasilitas mencakup jarak fisik (meter) maupun jarak waktu (menit) yang meliputi jarak dari rumah ke taman, rumah sakit, tempat peribadatan, ruang terbuka/lapangan, pasar, balai pertemuan warga, apotik, posko kesehatan, ATM/bank. Rata-rata jarak waktu berjalan kaki lansia adalah 5-20 menit dan rata-rata jarak fisik berjalan kaki lansia adalah 200-500 meter. Dalam dimensi keamanan dan kenyamanan prasarana pergerakan, indikator yang penting meliputi lebar jalan depan rumah, terhindar lalulintas mobil, ruang parkir bersama tidak lebih dari 50 meter, permukaan trotoar, ketersediaan tempat duduk di trotoar, jaringan drainase tertutup, pola jaringan jalan yang lurus, dan ketersediaan penunjuk jalan. Dalam dimensi keamanan dan kenyamanan fasilitas, indikator signifikan dan penting adalah perumahan tidak sepi penghuni, TPS memadai, CCTV 24 jam, adanya tempat berkumpul, lahan untuk tumbuhan, tempat ibadah ramah lansia, taman aktif dengan penerangan yang cukup, perumahan yang dikelilingi pagar, serta perumahan yang dihuni oleh berbagai golongan usia, Berdasarkan temuan ini ke masa depan diharapkan di dalam perencanaan perumahan yang ramah lansia dapat tercipta dengan mempertimbangkan indikator aksesibilitas perumahan menurut lansia.
L Life expectancy is getting higher and the number of elderly people (aged over 60 years) in cities in the Greater Jakarta area is 1,724,163 people. However, in terms of housing accessibility, according to the elderly, there are still many shortcomings. Previous studies have shown that the elderly have a preference for housing with residents of various ages, meaning that there is a dependency on younger families or neighbors for movement, both movement within the housing and especially movement outside housing area. The purpose of this study was to identify indicators of housing accessibility according to the elderly. Housing accessibility according to the elderly is related to the ease of reaching various facilities, including the security and convenience of facilities, as well as the convenience and security of movement infrastructure. This is related to the physical and psychological limitations of the elderly. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire survey method. There were 100 elderly respondents who came from the city of Jakarta 42%, the city of Bogor 10%, the city of Depok 12%, the city of Tangerang 28% and the city of Bekasi 8%. The analysis technique uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using Smart-PLS. The results of the model test show that all dimensions tested are significant which include ease of access to various facilities, security and convenience of facilities, and convenience and security of movement infrastructure. The dimension of ease of access to various facilities includes physical distance (meters) and time distance (minutes) which includes the distance from the house to parks, hospitals, places of worship, open spaces/fields, markets, community meeting halls, pharmacies, health posts, ATMs/banks. The average walking distance for the elderly is 5-20 minutes and the average physical distance for walking for the elderly is 200-500 meters. In the dimensions of security and convenience of movement infrastructure, significant indicators include the width of the road in front of the house, free from car traffic, shared parking spaces not more than 50 meters, sidewalk surface, availability of seats on the sidewalk, closed drainage network, straight road network pattern, and availability of signage. In the dimensions of security and convenience of facilities, significant and important indicators are housing that is not empty of occupants, adequate TPS, 24-hour CCTV, gathering places, land for plants, elderly-friendly places of worship, active parks with sufficient lighting, housing surrounded by fences, and housing that is inhabited by various age groups. Based on these findings, it is hoped that in the future, planning for elderly-friendly housing can be created by considering indicators of housing accessibility according to the elderly.