Rekonstruksi penyelesaian sengketa data pribadi dalam transaksi elektronik sektor privat melalui pembentukan lembaga pelindungan data pribadi berbasis teknologi hukum
D Dalam praktik, penyelenggara sistem elektronik selaku pengendali data pribadi wajib melindungi hak-hak subjek data. Namun, dalam faktanya sering terjadi kegagalan dalam melindungi data pribadi. Dalam konteks hukum, sarana untuk melindungi hak-hak tersebut dapat ditempuh melalui penegakan hukum penyelesaian sengketa, tetapi penegakan hukum penyelesaian sengketa data pribadi di Indonesia saat ini belum efektif dan perlu dilakukan rekonstruksi.Penelitian ini bertipe yuridis normatif. Adapun dilihat dari sifatnya, penelitian ini bersifat perspektif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara studi dokumen dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder seperti bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, bahan hukum tersier, serta bahan non-hukum. Lebih lanjut, untuk menganalisis penelitian digunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan penarikan kesimpulannya menggunakan logika induktif. Hasil penelitian: Pertama, pelaksanaan upaya perlindungan hukum dalam penegakan hukum penyelesaian sengketa belum maksimal, penyebabnya yaitu (1) struktur hukum: kualitas lembaga adjudikatif, termasuk aparat penegak hukumnya masih rendah, serta lemahnya Kominfo dalam melaksanakan pengawasan; (2) substansi hukum: Permenkominfo No. 20/2016 sebelum pengesahan UU Data Pribadi tidak mampu mengakomodir kepentingan subjek data; dan (3) budaya hukum: tidak serius dan rendahnya upaya sosialisasi dan edukasi. Kedua, untuk melakukan rekonstruksi penyelesaian sengketa data pribadi pada transaksi elektronik sektor privat berbasis teknologi, maka perlu tindakan berupa: (a) rekonstruksi struktur hukum, yaitu membentuk Lembaga PDP dan mencabut eksistensi Kominfo sebagai pengawas;(b) rekonstruksi substansi hukum, yaitu melalui pengesahan peraturan pelaksanaan UU Data Pribadi, mencabut Permenkominfo No. 20/2016, dan melakukan harmonisasi regulasi alternatif penyelesaian sengketa data pribadi; dan (c) rekonstruksi budaya hukum, yaitu melakukan edukasi dan sosialisasi sehubungan penegakan hukum penyelesaian sengketa data pribadi, memanfaatkan infrastruktur teknologi ke dalam sistem hukum dan optimalisasi peran etika dalam menggunakan teknologi.
I In practice, electronic system operators as personal data controllers are obliged to protect the rights of data subjects. However, in reality, there are frequent failures in protecting personal data. In a legal context, the means to protect these rights can be pursued through law enforcement and dispute resolution, but currently, law enforcement for personal data dispute resolution in Indonesia is not effective and needs to be reconstructed. This research is of a doctrinal legal research type. In terms of its nature, this research is prescriptive. Data collection is conducted through document studies using secondary data sources such as primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, tertiary legal materials, and non-legal materials. Furthermore, a qualitative approach is used to analyze the research, and conclusions are drawn using inductive logic. Research findings: First, the implementation of legal protection efforts in law enforcement for dispute resolution has not been optimal. The reasons are: (1) legal structure: the quality of adjudicative institutions, including law enforcement officers, remains low, and the Kominfo is weak in carrying out supervision; (2) legal substance: Permenkominfo No. 20/2016, prior to the enactment of the Personal Data Protection Law, was unable to accommodate the interests of data subjects; and (3) legal culture: efforts to educate and socialize people are not serious and are not enough. Second, to reconstruct the resolution of personal data disputes in electronic transactions in the private technology-based sector, the following actions are necessary: (a) reconstruction of the legal structure, which involves establishing Lembaga PDP and revoking the supervisory role of Kominfo; (b) reconstruction of the legal substance, which includes enacting implementing regulations for the Personal Data Protection Law, repealing Permenkominfo No. 20/2016, and harmonizing regulations for alternative personal data dispute resolution; and (c) reconstruction of legal culture, which entails conducting education and socialization regarding the enforcement of personal data dispute resolution laws, utilizing technology infrastructure within the legal system, and optimizing the role of ethics in the use of technology.