R Resin composite is a tooth-colored restorative material that has advantages in the aesthetic field. The surface roughness of the nanohybrid composite resin can increase after exposure to cigarette smoke, which can lead to plaque and biofilm formation, and will increase the risk of caries and also periodontal disease. Objective: to determine the effect of e-cigarette smoke (pod) on the surface roughness of nanohybrid composite resin. Method: 15 sampels of nanohybrid resin composite samples were 15 cylinders with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 2 mm. Samples were given exposure to e-cigarette smoke (Pod) for 7 days with a time of 2 hours per day and a distance of 10 seconds per blow, then the surface roughness was tested using the Taylor Hobson S100 Series Surface Roughness Tester at H-0, H-3, H-5, and H-7. The samples were incubated for 22 hours at 37 ° C. Result: The repeated ANOVA test showed significant differences with the exposure data H-0, H-3, H-5, H-7 which had significant values of 0,000 where the values were smaller than the level of significant 5% ( > 0.05). Conclusion: E-cigarette smoke (Pod) significantly affected the surface roughness of the nanohybrid composite resin.