Sustainable battery waste management protecting the environment and employment care study : Indonesia
A A battery is an electrochemical divice that works to convert chemical Eenergy into electrical energy. It consists of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, separatos, and external case . two basic types of batteries are : 1). Primary batteries, such as zinc carbon, alkaline manganese, silver oxide, and mercuric oxide (button cell). 2.) Secondary batteries, such as lead-acid (automotive batteries), nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, and lithium-ion. Milions of different types of batteries are produced and disposed and annually in indonesia. With some types of batteries still contain hazardous material (e.g. Mercury, Cadmium, and Lead), the disposal of used batteries become a concern. At time, there has not a management for used -batteries in Indonesia. Yet, Batter reclycing has taken place in other countries, and resulting in environmental protection as well as economically profitable. Therefore, this research aim to develop a sustainable way for batteries management in Indonesia that can protect the environment, also to create safe employment in Micro and Small Enterprises. Taking references from other countries that actively engage in battery reycling, to lern from others experiences and formulate recomendations for sustainable battery waste management in Indonesia. The ideal condition os sustainability cover the policy/political, institutional, environmental, and socio-cultural aspect. This research proposed three options of initiative to meet the ideal condition ian all aspects : 1). Goverment initiative, 2). Business initiative, 3). Civil society initiative. To tart battery waste management in Indonesia, civil society initiative is concluded to be the most suitable option. The society works in a form of environmental organisations (NGOs) that aim in increasing public awareness and environmental knowledge through workshop and campaing. becouse of the lack of political weih, law enforcement, and different cultural background, it has been proven society movement can persuade changes effectivelly. However, for long term battery waste management, cooperation and participation of all related stakeholders is needed. By working together with the goverment, battery produces/manufacturers, and the consumer, would create the sustanable battery waste management to give the most benefit to environmental protection and informal srctor improvement.