Pengaruh gas buang Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) dan Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2) dari cerobong pabrik kertas PT Kertas Bekasi terhadap kualitas udara ambien
P T. Kertas Bekasi Teguh (KBT) merupakan perusahaan kertas industri yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Bekasi Utara, Bekasi, Jawa Barat. PT. KBT menggunakan bahan baku dari kertas bekas clan kayu yang dalam proses produksinya menimbulkan emisi gas buang antara lain S02, N02, CO. Mengingat lokasi PT. KBT berhimpitan dengan pemukiman maka perlu pengamatan kualitas udara untuk melihat pengaruh sebaran gas buang pabrik di sekitar lingkungan pabrik. Dalam laporan ini parameter yang dipilih adalah S02 clan N02 karena gas buang tersebut memiliki pengaruh terhadap kesehatan pekerja dan dalam konsentrasi yang tinggi dapat merusak tanaman.Pendekatan dilakukan terhadap basil pengukuran dengan perbitungan teoritis.Pendekatan teoritis dilakukan dengan menggunakan modelling matematika, yaitu model penyebaran Gaussian. Penggunaan model penyebaran Gaussian didukung juga dengan penggunaan rumus-rumus seperti rumus Slade ( 1968) untuk perhitungan kecepatan angin di atas cerobong clan penentuan kelas stabilitas udara dengan rumus Holland (1953) untuk mengetahui tinggi semburan dan tinggi efektif cerobong. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur S02 adalah impinger gas sampler dengan metode Pararosaniline sedangkan N02 menggunakan alat yang sama dengan 802 tetapi menggunakan metode Saltzman. Hasil pengukuran dan perbitungan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu berdasarkan Surat Keputusan GubemurKepalaDaerahTingkat I Jawa Barat No. 660-31/SK/694-BKPhfil/82.Berdasarkan basil pengukuran di lapangan padajarak 400 m, 400 m, 700 m dan 750m, kadar S02 sebesar 12,21 µg/m3, 82,03 µg/m3, 23,50 µg/m3, 20,53 µg/m3 dan kadar N02 sebesar 40,64 µg/m3, 40,81 µg/m3 dan 55,07 µg/m3. Sedangkan kadar S02 berdasarkan perbitungan teoritis pada jarak yang sama sebesar 213,54 µg/m3, 134,82 µg/m3, 99,89 µg/m3,192,18 µg/m3 clan kadar N02 sebesar 64,40 µg/m3, 60,54 µg/m3, 58,82 µg/m3 dan 63,36µg/m3. Kadar S02 dan N02 berdasarkan perhitungan dan pengukuran di lapangan masih dibawah baku mutu kualitas udara ambient Surat KeputusanGubemurKepala Daerah Tingkat I Jawa Barat No. 660-31/SK/694-BKP:MD/82,yakni 265µg/m3 untuk 802 clan 100 µg/m3 untuk N02.Berdasarkan perbitungan teoritis, konsentrasi 802 mempunyai basil yang lebih besardibandingkan dengan basil pengukuran, sedangkan konsentrasi N02 teoritis mempunyai basil yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi di lapangan. Daerah yang paling terpengaruh dispersi sebaran kadar S02 dan N02 dari gas buang yang dikeluarkan oleh cerobong adalah Perumahan Titian Kencana dan Perumahan Bintang Metropol bagian Utara. Hal ini disebabkan karena kondisi meteorologi setempat clan kecepatan angin pada Down Wind Utara paling rendah bila dibandingkan dengan Down Wind lainnya.Berdasarkan data-data pengukuran terhadap kedua zat pencemar tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa gas S02 clan N02 yang dihasilkan dari pabrik PT. KBT masih di bawah baku mutu lingkungan yang ditetapkan pemerintah. Namun demikian, mengingat kegiatan pabrik berlangsung dalam jangka panjang, maka perlu dilakukan pemantauan kualitas udara ambien secara periodik di sekitar lokasi pabrik.
P T Kertas Bekasi Teguh (KBT) is an industrial paper manufacture located at the North Bekasi District, Bekasi, West Java, used recycling paper and wood in its processing and resulted gas emission such as S02: N02 and CO. The populous area of the district where the manufacture located might suffered environmentally and health due to the gas emission released, spread and distribution during its operation. Therefore, periodical observation of air quality in the area is very important to prevent the bad effect of the pollution during the manufacture operation.The observation methods used for measuring the air quality were based on mathematical model, i.e. Gaussian Distribution Model. The theory was also supported by other scientist, such as Slade (1968) in relation with wind speed and air stability and Holland (1953) in relation with the effective height spread and stack. The equipment of lmpinger Gas Sampler was used, by using Pararosaniline Method for S02 measurement and by using Saltzman Method for N02. The results then were compared to the government standard quality, issued by West Java Governor no 660-31/SK/694-BKPMD/82.The field observation results showed that the content of S02 and N02 level at the distances of 400, 400, 700, and 750 m from the manufacture location were 12.21, 82.03, 23.50, 20.53, 40.64, 40.81, and 55.07 µg/m3, respectively. Meanwhile the S02 and N02 level based on theory at the same distances were 213.54, 134.82, 99.89, 192.18, and 64.40, 60.54, 58.82, and63.36 µg/m3, respectively. The level of S02 and N02 content in the observation were still lower than standard quality of air ambient of West Java Governor no 660-31/SK/694-BKPMD/82, there were 265 µg/m3 for S02 and I00 µg/m3 for N02 respectively.Based on measurement in theory, the level of S02 was higher than measurement in field observation, in contradiction with level of N02 in theory which was lower than in field observation. The areas gained the highest influences of S02 and N02 dispersion and distribution were Titian Kencana Housing and the north side of Bintang Metropol Housing, due to the local meteorological condition and wind speed at the lowest of North Down Wind compared to other Down Wind. Based on the data measurement, two gas emission, i.e. S02 and N02 released by PT KBT during its operation in the time of observation were still lower and under the level of government standard quality. However, considering the long term operation of the manufacture it is necessary that monitoring of the air quality be conducted periodically surrounding the location of manufacture.