Pengaruh pendidikan kebencanaan terhadap kesiapsiagaan siswa di sekolah rawan bencana
L ATAR BELAKANG Sebanyak 75% sekolah di Indonesia berada di lokasi rawan bencana sedang dan tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi sekolah untuk meningkatkan persiapan pada fase prabencana. Salah satu unsur penting dalam fase prabencana adalah kesiapsiagaan. Tingkat kesiapsiagaan memiliki banyak faktor, di antaranya adalah pendidikan kebencanaan. Sleman merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang sangat rawan bencana yaitu gunung berapi. Sehingga diharapkan dengan pemberian pendidikan kebencanaan dapat meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan siswa di Sleman. METODE Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain quasi experimental rancangan one group pretest posttest. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa/i kelas 8 SMP Muhammadiyah Turi. Penilaian kesiapsiagaan dilakukan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kesiapsiagaan LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR 2006 yang membagi kesiapsiagaan menjadi 4 komponen: pengetahuan bencana, rencana kegiatan, peringatan bencana, dan mobilisasi sumber daya. Pemberian pendidikan dilakukan selama 1 minggu dengan peralatan LCD, poster, buku saku, flipchart, dan permainan ular tangga bencana. Analisis penelitian menggunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk membandingkan kesiapsiagaan responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan. HASIL Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 44 orang yang terdiri dari 28 laki-laki dan 16 perempuan pada rentang usia 13-17 tahun. Pada uji Wilcoxon, variabel pengetahuan bencana didapatkan nilai p = 0.000; (α<0.05), variabel rencana kegiatan didapatkan nilai p = 0.000; (α<0.05), variabel peringatan bencana p = 0.011; (α<0.05), dan variabel mobilisasi sumber daya nilai p = 0.014; (α<0.05). KESIMPULAN Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kebencanaan dalam peningkatan komponen-komponen kesiapsiagaan yaitu pengetahuan bencana, rencana kegiatan, peringatan bencana, dan mobilisasi sumber daya.
B ACKGROUND As many as 75% schools in Indonesia are located in moderately and highly prone to disaster areas. Therefore, it is important for a school to increase its preparation prior to a disaster. One of the important elements of pre-disaster preparation is disaster preparedness, which has many contributing factors, one of them being disaster education. Sleman is one of the most disaster-prone areas in Indonesia, specifically to volcano eruption. Thus, it is to be expected that by the intervention of disaster education, disaster preparedness of students in Sleman will increase. METHOD This study used quasi experimental design of one group pretest posttest. Subject of this study were 8th grade students of Muhammadiyah Turi Middle School. Disaster preparedness was assessed with Disaster Questionnaire of LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR 2006, which classified the components of disaster preparedness into four parts: disaster knowledge, plan of action, disaster warning, and mobilisation of resource. Disaster education was given within a week, equipped with LCD, poster, pocket book, flipchart, and disaster-themed snake-and-ladder game. This data was analysed with Wilcoxon test to compare students’ disaster preparedness before and after the disaster education. RESULT There are a total of 44 subjects in this study which consisted of 28 males and 16 females in the age range of 13-17 year old. The analysis of Wilcoxon test resulted in p = 0.000; (α<0.05) for disaster knowledge, p = 0.000; (α<0.05) for plan of action, p = 0.011; (α<0.05) for disaster warning, and p = 0.014; (α<0.05) for mobilisation of resource. CONCLUSION This study shows that there is a positive effect of disaster education on the four components of students’ disaster preparedness, which are disaster knowledge, plan of action, disaster warning, and mobilisation of resource.