Perbedaan profil saliva pada pasien dengan dan tanpa kebiasaan berisiko kanker mulut : Kajian pada masyarakat di Pulau Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur
L Latar Belakang: Kanker mulut merupakan masalah serius di dunia saat ini,termasuk di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki keanekagaraman budaya dan tradisi, salahsatunya ialah kebiasaan mengunyah sirih pinang. Selain itu, masyarakat Indonesiajuga memiliki kebiasaan merokok dan minum alkohol yang cukup tinggi. Ketigakebiasaan tersebut merupakan faktor risiko terbesar terjadinya kanker mulut dandiduga dapat mempengaruhi profil saliva yang berdampak terhadap kesehatanrongga mulut. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil saliva (derajat keasaman,laju aliran, kekentalan, warna, kekeruhan, kadar IL-1β, dan IL-8) pada kelompokpasien dengan dan tanpa faktor risiko kanker mulut. Metode: Jenis penelitian iniadalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional ataupotong silang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan saliva metode spittingpada pasien dengan dan tanpa kebiasaan faktor risiko kanker mulut di RSUD Bajawadan Puskemas Waepana, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengukuran derajatkeasaman saliva diukur menggunakan pH meter, pengukuran laju aliran salivamenggunakan perhitungan rumus, penilaian kekentalan, warna, kekeruhan secaravisual, serta pengukuran kadar IL-1β dan IL-8 dilakukan dengan spektrofotometermenggunakan metode ELISA Sandwich. Data dianalisis dengan uji distribusi normal(kolmogorov Smirnov), uji bivariat (chi-square dan uji t). Hasil: terdapat perbedaanbermakna kadar IL-1β antara kelompok subjek dengan faktor risiko kanker mulutdan tanpa faktor risiko kanker mulut (p=0.009). Kadar IL-1β pada kelompok subjekyang memiliki faktor risiko kanker mulut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengankelompok kontrol. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan profil salivakekentalan (p=0.285), warna (p=0.694), kekeruhan (p=0.695), laju aliran (p=0.170),derajat keasaman (p=0.978), dan IL-8 (p=0.854) pada kelompok subjek yangmemiliki faktor risiko kanker mulut dan tanpa faktor risiko kanker mulut.Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar IL-1β pada masyarakat PulauFlores, NTT dengan dan tanpa faktor risiko kanker mulut, namun tidak ada perbedaansignifikan profil saliva dalam kekentalan, warna, kekeruhan, laju aliran saliva, derajatkeasaman, dan IL-8.
B Background: Oral cancer is a serious problem in worldwide nowadays, including inIndonesia. Indonesia has diversity of cultures and traditions, one of them is the habitof chewing betel nut. In addition, Indonesian people also have smoking and drinkingalcohol habit which is quite high. These three habits are the biggest risk factors fororal cancer and assumed could affect the salivary profile that impacts on oral health.Aim: To determine the differences in salivary profile (acidity, flow rate, viscosity,color, turbidity, IL-1β, and IL-8 levels) in groups of patients with and without riskfactors for oral cancer. Methods: This type of research is observational analytic withcross-sectional research design. This study was conducted by collecting saliva usingthe spitting method in patients with and without oral cancer risk factors at BajawaHospital and Waepana Public Health Center, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara.Measurement of the degree of acidity of saliva was measured using a pH meter,measurement of salivary flow rate using a formula calculation, visual assessment ofthickness, color, turbidity, and measurement of IL-1β and IL-8 levels was carried outwith a spectrophotometer using the Sandwich ELISA method. Data were analyzedby normal distribution test (Kolmogorov Smirnov), bivariate test (chi-square and ttest).Results: There was significant difference in IL-1β levels between subjects withand without oral cancer risk factors (p=0.009). The group of subjects with oral cancerrisk factors has higher IL-1β levels than the control group. However, there was nosignificance difference in the profile of salivary viscosity (p=0.285), color (p=0.694),turbidity (p=0.695), flow rate (p=0.170), degree of acidity (p=0.978), and IL-8 (p =0.854) between subjects with and without oral cancer risk factors. Conclusion: Therewere significance differences in the IL-1β levels of Flores Island, NTT populationwith and without oral cancer risk factors; however, there were no differences in thethickness, color, turbidity, salivary flow rate, degree of acidity, and IL-8 of thesalivary profile.