Hari Krismanuel
6 p.
Surgery - Operative; Surgical procedures - Operatives - methods
To date there is increasing pressure on surgeons to minimize the time that the patient stays in hospital. Patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis are not discharged early due to concern on the part of the surgeon that it would increase surgical wound infection rates. The aim of this study was to compare surgical wound infection rates after open appendectomy (OA) of patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis in an early discharge (ED) group and a control group withour early discharge late discharge (LD) group. The study was also to evaluate patient acceptance of ED in comparison to the LD group. A cross sectional study was carried out on adult patients (age > 14 years) with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis, who underwent open appendectomy. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in surgical wound infection rates in both the intervention (ED) and control (LD) groups. In addition, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in patient acceptance (satisfaction) in both groups, where patients in the ED group were more satisfied than the patients who had not been discharged early. The conclusions of this study are that early discharge from hospital after open appendectomy does not increase surgical wound infection rate and has good patient acceptance.
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6 p.
Surgery - Operative; Surgical procedures - Operatives - methods
To date there is increasing pressure on surgeons to minimize the time that the patient stays in hospital. Patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis are not discharged early due to concern on the part of the surgeon that it would increase surgical wound infection rates. The aim of this study was to compare surgical wound infection rates after open appendectomy (OA) of patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis in an early discharge (ED) group and a control group withour early discharge late discharge (LD) group. The study was also to evaluate patient acceptance of ED in comparison to the LD group. A cross sectional study was carried out on adult patients (age > 14 years) with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis, who underwent open appendectomy. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in surgical wound infection rates in both the intervention (ED) and control (LD) groups. In addition, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in patient acceptance (satisfaction) in both groups, where patients in the ED group were more satisfied than the patients who had not been discharged early. The conclusions of this study are that early discharge from hospital after open appendectomy does not increase surgical wound infection rate and has good patient acceptance.
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4 p.
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Adenan
6 p.
Herbs - Therapeutic used
The kelakai fern (stenochlaena palustris) contains bioactive substances, such as falvonoid, steroids, and alkaloids. The kelakai is used by the Kenyah Dayak communities for the treatment of anemia, fever and cutaneous disorders. Fever is increased temperature regulation of the body , which process indirectly increases the production of peroxides, leading to peroxidative stress. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the influence of an aqueous extract of the kelakai fern of peroxidative stress in the hoary marmot (marmota caligata) with experimentally-induced fever. This was a true experimental study, with post test-only and control group design, involving 6 groups, each made up of 4 animals. Peroxide concentration was measured by a modification of the FOX2 method and peroxidase activity by the Kanehira Methods. The Kelakai extract was administered to the animals by gavage at weigh-adjusted dosages between 7.75 x 104 mg/kg body weight to 1.24 x 10² mg/kg body weigh. Data were analyzed using single linear regression test. The result showed that kelakai extract dose significantly reduced the peroxide levels, regression equation with the Y = 2.513 – 106.03 X (R² = 0.8057), indicating 80.5% variation of peroxide levels is predicted by the kelakai extract dose. From the results we conclude that kelakai aqueous extract decreases peroxide levels in hoary marmots with experimentally-induced fever
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6 p.
Herbs - Therapeutic used
The kelakai fern (stenochlaena palustris) contains bioactive substances, such as falvonoid, steroids, and alkaloids. The kelakai is used by the Kenyah Dayak communities for the treatment of anemia, fever and cutaneous disorders. Fever is increased temperature regulation of the body , which process indirectly increases the production of peroxides, leading to peroxidative stress. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the influence of an aqueous extract of the kelakai fern of peroxidative stress in the hoary marmot (marmota caligata) with experimentally-induced fever. This was a true experimental study, with post test-only and control group design, involving 6 groups, each made up of 4 animals. Peroxide concentration was measured by a modification of the FOX2 method and peroxidase activity by the Kanehira Methods. The Kelakai extract was administered to the animals by gavage at weigh-adjusted dosages between 7.75 x 104 mg/kg body weight to 1.24 x 10² mg/kg body weigh. Data were analyzed using single linear regression test. The result showed that kelakai extract dose significantly reduced the peroxide levels, regression equation with the Y = 2.513 – 106.03 X (R² = 0.8057), indicating 80.5% variation of peroxide levels is predicted by the kelakai extract dose. From the results we conclude that kelakai aqueous extract decreases peroxide levels in hoary marmots with experimentally-induced fever
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Monica Dwi Hartanti
6 p.
Dengue viruses
Dengue is a disease that is caused by dengue virus and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected aedes mosquitoes, especially aedes aegypti. The disease is hyper-endemic in Southeast Asia, where a more severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), is a major public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to find evidence of dengue virus transovarial transmission in local vectors in Jakarta. Fifteen aedes larvae were collected in 2009 from two areas in Tebet subdistrict in South Jakarta, namely one area with the highest and one with the lowest DHF prevalence. All mosquitoes were reared inside two cages in the labolatory, eight mosquitoes in one cage and seven mosquitoes in another cage and given only sucrose solution as their food. The results showed that 20% of the mosquitoes were positive for dengue virus. Dengue virus detection detection with an immunohistochemical method demonstrated the occurrence of transovarial transmission in local DHF vectors in Tebet subdistrict. Transovarial dengue infection in Ae, aegypti larvae appeared to maintain or enhance epidemics. Further research is needed to investigate the relation of dengue virus transovarial transmission with DHF endemicity in Jakarta
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6 p.
Dengue viruses
Dengue is a disease that is caused by dengue virus and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected aedes mosquitoes, especially aedes aegypti. The disease is hyper-endemic in Southeast Asia, where a more severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), is a major public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to find evidence of dengue virus transovarial transmission in local vectors in Jakarta. Fifteen aedes larvae were collected in 2009 from two areas in Tebet subdistrict in South Jakarta, namely one area with the highest and one with the lowest DHF prevalence. All mosquitoes were reared inside two cages in the labolatory, eight mosquitoes in one cage and seven mosquitoes in another cage and given only sucrose solution as their food. The results showed that 20% of the mosquitoes were positive for dengue virus. Dengue virus detection detection with an immunohistochemical method demonstrated the occurrence of transovarial transmission in local DHF vectors in Tebet subdistrict. Transovarial dengue infection in Ae, aegypti larvae appeared to maintain or enhance epidemics. Further research is needed to investigate the relation of dengue virus transovarial transmission with DHF endemicity in Jakarta
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Hari Krismanuel
6 p.
Surgery - Operative; Surgical procedures - Operatives - methods
To date there is increasing pressure on surgeons to minimize the time that the patient stays in hospital. Patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis are not discharged early due to concern on the part of the surgeon that it would increase surgical wound infection rates. The aim of this study was to compare surgical wound infection rates after open appendectomy (OA) of patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis in an early discharge (ED) group and a control group withour early discharge late discharge (LD) group. The study was also to evaluate patient acceptance of ED in comparison to the LD group. A cross sectional study was carried out on adult patients (age > 14 years) with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis, who underwent open appendectomy. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in surgical wound infection rates in both the intervention (ED) and control (LD) groups. In addition, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in patient acceptance (satisfaction) in both groups, where patients in the ED group were more satisfied than the patients who had not been discharged early. The conclusions of this study are that early discharge from hospital after open appendectomy does not increase surgical wound infection rate and has good patient acceptance.
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6 p.
Surgery - Operative; Surgical procedures - Operatives - methods
To date there is increasing pressure on surgeons to minimize the time that the patient stays in hospital. Patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis are not discharged early due to concern on the part of the surgeon that it would increase surgical wound infection rates. The aim of this study was to compare surgical wound infection rates after open appendectomy (OA) of patients with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis in an early discharge (ED) group and a control group withour early discharge late discharge (LD) group. The study was also to evaluate patient acceptance of ED in comparison to the LD group. A cross sectional study was carried out on adult patients (age > 14 years) with acute appendicitis without perforation or peritonitis, who underwent open appendectomy. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in surgical wound infection rates in both the intervention (ED) and control (LD) groups. In addition, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in patient acceptance (satisfaction) in both groups, where patients in the ED group were more satisfied than the patients who had not been discharged early. The conclusions of this study are that early discharge from hospital after open appendectomy does not increase surgical wound infection rate and has good patient acceptance.
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Saryono
7 p.
Single nucleotide polymorphism; Chromosome polymorphism; Human genetic - Varian
The tyrosine kinase receptor RET, which is the protein product of the RET gene, is involved in the development of the mammalian nervous system that causes Hirschsprungs disease (HSCR). RETs are cell surface molecules that are expressed in cells derived from the neural crest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the RET gene in HSCR in the Yogyakarta population. Genomic DNA was extracted from surgically removed bowel tissues of 54 unrelated HSCR patients. Exon 2 of the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Molecular results were compared with clinical performance of Hirschsprung patients, RET polymorphism was detected in exon 2 in all of the 54 Indonesian HSCR patients. The allelic distribution of the c135G → A polymorphism in the RET exon 2 indicated that the A allele was more frequent in patients than in control individuals (chi-square test, p= 0.0001). Thus the RET variant allele A is over-represented in patients affected with the HSCR phenotype. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the RET gene was found in sporadic Hirschsprungs disease in the Yogyakarta population, which suggests that the RET gene plays important roles in the pathogenesis of HSCR
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7 p.
Single nucleotide polymorphism; Chromosome polymorphism; Human genetic - Varian
The tyrosine kinase receptor RET, which is the protein product of the RET gene, is involved in the development of the mammalian nervous system that causes Hirschsprungs disease (HSCR). RETs are cell surface molecules that are expressed in cells derived from the neural crest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the RET gene in HSCR in the Yogyakarta population. Genomic DNA was extracted from surgically removed bowel tissues of 54 unrelated HSCR patients. Exon 2 of the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Molecular results were compared with clinical performance of Hirschsprung patients, RET polymorphism was detected in exon 2 in all of the 54 Indonesian HSCR patients. The allelic distribution of the c135G → A polymorphism in the RET exon 2 indicated that the A allele was more frequent in patients than in control individuals (chi-square test, p= 0.0001). Thus the RET variant allele A is over-represented in patients affected with the HSCR phenotype. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the RET gene was found in sporadic Hirschsprungs disease in the Yogyakarta population, which suggests that the RET gene plays important roles in the pathogenesis of HSCR
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Ignatio Rika Haryono
7 p.
Exercise - Health aspects
Exercise training can improve blood pressure in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects. One of the mechanisms of blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients with obesity is through weight loss. This study aimed to examine the effect of exercise training on bodyweight and the relationship between weight loss and reduction of blood pressure. An experimental pre-post test design without controls was used to evaluate the effect of exercise training on weight loss. The study involved 89 elderly aged 50 years or more, consisting of 40 men and 49 women, who were members of Senayan Sport Fitness Club and had been exercising for at least three months. Exercise training was programmed and performed three times a week, consisting of aerobics (walking, jogging, static cycling) and resistance exercises. All exercise was performed for one to two hours with mild to moderate intensity. Blood pressure and body weight were obtained from medical records. Paired t-test showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower after training [(systolic, 126.3 ± 2.9 vs 122.3 ± 2.7, p = 0.02), (diastolic, 80.2 ± 3.1 vs 77.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.00), (MAP, 95.6 ± 4.6 vs 92.2 ± 3.4, p = 0.00), (PP, 46.1 ± 4.2 vs 45.1 ± 3.6, p = 0.04), (BMI, 24.5 ± 2.9 vs 23.6 ± 2.9, p = 0,04)]. Duration of training was the most influential factor affecting Δ BMI, (Beta = 0.38; p = 0.00). Exercise training could lower BMI and the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was higher for the subjects aged 70 years and over
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7 p.
Exercise - Health aspects
Exercise training can improve blood pressure in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects. One of the mechanisms of blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients with obesity is through weight loss. This study aimed to examine the effect of exercise training on bodyweight and the relationship between weight loss and reduction of blood pressure. An experimental pre-post test design without controls was used to evaluate the effect of exercise training on weight loss. The study involved 89 elderly aged 50 years or more, consisting of 40 men and 49 women, who were members of Senayan Sport Fitness Club and had been exercising for at least three months. Exercise training was programmed and performed three times a week, consisting of aerobics (walking, jogging, static cycling) and resistance exercises. All exercise was performed for one to two hours with mild to moderate intensity. Blood pressure and body weight were obtained from medical records. Paired t-test showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower after training [(systolic, 126.3 ± 2.9 vs 122.3 ± 2.7, p = 0.02), (diastolic, 80.2 ± 3.1 vs 77.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.00), (MAP, 95.6 ± 4.6 vs 92.2 ± 3.4, p = 0.00), (PP, 46.1 ± 4.2 vs 45.1 ± 3.6, p = 0.04), (BMI, 24.5 ± 2.9 vs 23.6 ± 2.9, p = 0,04)]. Duration of training was the most influential factor affecting Δ BMI, (Beta = 0.38; p = 0.00). Exercise training could lower BMI and the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was higher for the subjects aged 70 years and over
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Husnun Amalia
6 p.
Eye - Diseases
To date the use of computers is widely distributed throughout the world and the associated ocular complaints are found in 75-90% of the population of computer users. Symptoms frequently reported by computer users were eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, diplopia, burning of the eyes, and asthenopia (visual fatigue of the eyes). Across-sectional study was conducted to determine the etiology of asthenopia in computer-using students. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used to assess symptoms experienced by the computer users. The ophthalmological examination comprised visual acuity, the Hirschberg test, near point accommodation, amplitude accommodation , near point convergence, the cover test, and the alternate cover test. A total of 99 computer science students, of whom 69.7% had asthenopia, participated in the study. The symptoms that were significantly associated with asthenopia were visual fatigue (p=0.031), heavmess in the eye (p=0.002), blurred vision (p=0.001), and headache at the temples or the back of the head (p=0.000). Refractive asthenopia was found in 95.7% of all asthenopia patients with accommodative insufficiency (A1), comstituting the most frequent cause at 50.7%. The duration of computer use per day was not significantly associated with the prevalence of asthenopia (p=0.700). There was a high prevalence of asthenopia among computer science students, mostly caused by refractive asthenopia. Accommodation measurements should be performed more routinely and regularly, maybe as screening, especially in computer users.
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6 p.
Eye - Diseases
To date the use of computers is widely distributed throughout the world and the associated ocular complaints are found in 75-90% of the population of computer users. Symptoms frequently reported by computer users were eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, diplopia, burning of the eyes, and asthenopia (visual fatigue of the eyes). Across-sectional study was conducted to determine the etiology of asthenopia in computer-using students. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used to assess symptoms experienced by the computer users. The ophthalmological examination comprised visual acuity, the Hirschberg test, near point accommodation, amplitude accommodation , near point convergence, the cover test, and the alternate cover test. A total of 99 computer science students, of whom 69.7% had asthenopia, participated in the study. The symptoms that were significantly associated with asthenopia were visual fatigue (p=0.031), heavmess in the eye (p=0.002), blurred vision (p=0.001), and headache at the temples or the back of the head (p=0.000). Refractive asthenopia was found in 95.7% of all asthenopia patients with accommodative insufficiency (A1), comstituting the most frequent cause at 50.7%. The duration of computer use per day was not significantly associated with the prevalence of asthenopia (p=0.700). There was a high prevalence of asthenopia among computer science students, mostly caused by refractive asthenopia. Accommodation measurements should be performed more routinely and regularly, maybe as screening, especially in computer users.
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Pusparini
9 p.
Homocysteine
Aging is associated with a gradual impairment in cognitive function. The elderly also show a high prevalence of undernutrition, whereas nutritien plays an important role in the metabolism of neuronal cells and enzymes. Homocysteine is an animo acid resulting from methionine metabolism and is dependent on intake of vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and folic acid. Homocysteine is said to play a role in cognitive function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation for 6 months on serum homocysteine levels and cognitive function in older people. This study was an experimental study of pre-post test design, carried out in Mampang subdistrict, South Jakarta. A total of 94 elderly people was recruited for this study, consisting of 44 females and 50 males. Serum homocysteine level was assessed by fluorescent polarization immunoassay and cognitive function by means of the mini mental state examination (MMSE) before and after micronutrient supplementation. Mean serum homocysteine concentration after supplementation decreased significantly to 14.8 ± 5.8 µmol/L, compared with mean serum homocysteine level of 15.9 ± 5.9 µmol/L before supplementation (p=0.000). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing post-supplementation MMSE scores were gender (ß= -0.0350; p=0.000), education (ß=0.510; p=0.000) and post-supplementation homocysteine levels (ß= -0.201; p=0.000), while age, pre-supplementation homocysteine levels and BMI did not affect MMSE scores. Homocysteine concentration decreased significantly after 6 months of supplementation. The factors affecting post-supplementation MMSE scores were gender, level of education, and post-supplementation homocysteine level.rn
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9 p.
Homocysteine
Aging is associated with a gradual impairment in cognitive function. The elderly also show a high prevalence of undernutrition, whereas nutritien plays an important role in the metabolism of neuronal cells and enzymes. Homocysteine is an animo acid resulting from methionine metabolism and is dependent on intake of vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and folic acid. Homocysteine is said to play a role in cognitive function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation for 6 months on serum homocysteine levels and cognitive function in older people. This study was an experimental study of pre-post test design, carried out in Mampang subdistrict, South Jakarta. A total of 94 elderly people was recruited for this study, consisting of 44 females and 50 males. Serum homocysteine level was assessed by fluorescent polarization immunoassay and cognitive function by means of the mini mental state examination (MMSE) before and after micronutrient supplementation. Mean serum homocysteine concentration after supplementation decreased significantly to 14.8 ± 5.8 µmol/L, compared with mean serum homocysteine level of 15.9 ± 5.9 µmol/L before supplementation (p=0.000). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing post-supplementation MMSE scores were gender (ß= -0.0350; p=0.000), education (ß=0.510; p=0.000) and post-supplementation homocysteine levels (ß= -0.201; p=0.000), while age, pre-supplementation homocysteine levels and BMI did not affect MMSE scores. Homocysteine concentration decreased significantly after 6 months of supplementation. The factors affecting post-supplementation MMSE scores were gender, level of education, and post-supplementation homocysteine level.rn
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Martiem Mawi
6 p.
Bone Density; Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal women are at high risk af disease, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, malignancies, dementia and osteoporosis. This is due to decreased levels of estrogen/estradiol, produced mainly in the ovaries, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which is the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol levels and BMD in postmenopausal women. The study which was of cross-sectional design, involved 184 postmenopausal women meeting the inclusion criteria, viz, healthy postmenopausal women aged between 47 and 60 years having taken no hormonal medications in the previous 3 years. The subjects were assessed for anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including BMD and serum estradiol levels. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and at the distal radius by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument. The mean serum estradiol concentration was 7.54 ± 4.65 pg/ml, while in 49.5% of the subjects the estradiol concentration was ≤ 5 pg/ml. In postmenopausal women with estradiol concentration of > 5 pg/ml, a significant positive relationship was found between BMD and the T-scores for the femoral neck. Thus the higher the serum estradiol levels, the higher the BMD values for femoral nect region. In conclusion, the results of this study point to estradiol levels as a major factor in determining the BMD values in postmenopausal women.
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6 p.
Bone Density; Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal women are at high risk af disease, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, malignancies, dementia and osteoporosis. This is due to decreased levels of estrogen/estradiol, produced mainly in the ovaries, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which is the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol levels and BMD in postmenopausal women. The study which was of cross-sectional design, involved 184 postmenopausal women meeting the inclusion criteria, viz, healthy postmenopausal women aged between 47 and 60 years having taken no hormonal medications in the previous 3 years. The subjects were assessed for anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including BMD and serum estradiol levels. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and at the distal radius by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument. The mean serum estradiol concentration was 7.54 ± 4.65 pg/ml, while in 49.5% of the subjects the estradiol concentration was ≤ 5 pg/ml. In postmenopausal women with estradiol concentration of > 5 pg/ml, a significant positive relationship was found between BMD and the T-scores for the femoral neck. Thus the higher the serum estradiol levels, the higher the BMD values for femoral nect region. In conclusion, the results of this study point to estradiol levels as a major factor in determining the BMD values in postmenopausal women.
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Hartono
9 p.
Airport noise; Noise - Physiological effect; Hydrocortisone - Physiological effect
One of the impacts of exposure to noise is stress. Natular killer (NK) celss are one of the leukocyte subsets that are responsive to physiological and psychological stress. The objective of the present research was to determine the relationship between cortisol levels and NK cell activity among women with aircraft niose stress in the area of Adi Sumarmo Airport, Solo. This study was an analytical survey with across sectional design. The number of subjects was 39, who were devided into 3 groups of 13 subjects each. Groups 1 to 3 were exposed to noise levels of 92.29 dB, 71.79 dB and 52.17 dB, respectively. The sample was taken using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and Anova followed by post hoc test using LSD test. The Anova test showed that there were significant differences in circulating cortisol levels among all groups (p = 0.018). The Pearson correlation test showed that there was a positive association between circulating cortisol levels and the number og NK celss (r = 0.547; p<0.05) and negative association between circulating cortisol levels and NK cell activity (r = -0.578; p<0.05). This study indicated that cortisol levels decreased NK cell activity among women with exposure to aircraft noise. Women who experienced aircraft noise stress showe increased cortisol levels and decreased NK cell activity.
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9 p.
Airport noise; Noise - Physiological effect; Hydrocortisone - Physiological effect
One of the impacts of exposure to noise is stress. Natular killer (NK) celss are one of the leukocyte subsets that are responsive to physiological and psychological stress. The objective of the present research was to determine the relationship between cortisol levels and NK cell activity among women with aircraft niose stress in the area of Adi Sumarmo Airport, Solo. This study was an analytical survey with across sectional design. The number of subjects was 39, who were devided into 3 groups of 13 subjects each. Groups 1 to 3 were exposed to noise levels of 92.29 dB, 71.79 dB and 52.17 dB, respectively. The sample was taken using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and Anova followed by post hoc test using LSD test. The Anova test showed that there were significant differences in circulating cortisol levels among all groups (p = 0.018). The Pearson correlation test showed that there was a positive association between circulating cortisol levels and the number og NK celss (r = 0.547; p<0.05) and negative association between circulating cortisol levels and NK cell activity (r = -0.578; p<0.05). This study indicated that cortisol levels decreased NK cell activity among women with exposure to aircraft noise. Women who experienced aircraft noise stress showe increased cortisol levels and decreased NK cell activity.
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Martiem Mawi
6 p.
Bone Density; Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal women are at high risk af disease, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, malignancies, dementia and osteoporosis. This is due to decreased levels of estrogen/estradiol, produced mainly in the ovaries, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which is the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol levels and BMD in postmenopausal women. The study which was of cross-sectional design, involved 184 postmenopausal women meeting the inclusion criteria, viz, healthy postmenopausal women aged between 47 and 60 years having taken no hormonal medications in the previous 3 years. The subjects were assessed for anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including BMD and serum estradiol levels. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and at the distal radius by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument. The mean serum estradiol concentration was 7.54 ± 4.65 pg/ml, while in 49.5% of the subjects the estradiol concentration was ≤ 5 pg/ml. In postmenopausal women with estradiol concentration of > 5 pg/ml, a significant positive relationship was found between BMD and the T-scores for the femoral neck. Thus the higher the serum estradiol levels, the higher the BMD values for femoral nect region. In conclusion, the results of this study point to estradiol levels as a major factor in determining the BMD values in postmenopausal women.
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6 p.
Bone Density; Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal women are at high risk af disease, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, malignancies, dementia and osteoporosis. This is due to decreased levels of estrogen/estradiol, produced mainly in the ovaries, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which is the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol levels and BMD in postmenopausal women. The study which was of cross-sectional design, involved 184 postmenopausal women meeting the inclusion criteria, viz, healthy postmenopausal women aged between 47 and 60 years having taken no hormonal medications in the previous 3 years. The subjects were assessed for anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including BMD and serum estradiol levels. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and at the distal radius by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument. The mean serum estradiol concentration was 7.54 ± 4.65 pg/ml, while in 49.5% of the subjects the estradiol concentration was ≤ 5 pg/ml. In postmenopausal women with estradiol concentration of > 5 pg/ml, a significant positive relationship was found between BMD and the T-scores for the femoral neck. Thus the higher the serum estradiol levels, the higher the BMD values for femoral nect region. In conclusion, the results of this study point to estradiol levels as a major factor in determining the BMD values in postmenopausal women.
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Nurmillah
7 p.
Glycosuria; Menopause
Menopause is natural event to be experienced by every woman and appears to be associated with increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of glycosuria. These unique components of soy have been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis. The objective of the present study was to examine the possibility of an association between soy food consumption and risk of glycosuria in postmenopausal women attending Mampang Prapatan Health Center, Mampang Prapatan subdistrict, South Jakarta. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard instruments and dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. A dipstick semiquantitative assay for urinary glucose was used to define glycosuria (positive). The results showed that 12.8% of postmenopausal women had glycosuria and mean isoflavone intake was 69.5 ± 61.4 g/d. Intake of isoflavone was inversely associated with risk of glycosuria. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of isoflavone intake (Q1), postmenopausal women in the highest quintile (Q5) had a lower risk for glycosuria of 0.30 time that of Q1, which risk was however statistically not significant (OR = 0.30; 95% C1 = 0.02 – 3.14). In conclusion , isoflavone may play a role in the prevention of glycosuria (an important indicator of diabetes) among postmenopausal women
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7 p.
Glycosuria; Menopause
Menopause is natural event to be experienced by every woman and appears to be associated with increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of glycosuria. These unique components of soy have been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis. The objective of the present study was to examine the possibility of an association between soy food consumption and risk of glycosuria in postmenopausal women attending Mampang Prapatan Health Center, Mampang Prapatan subdistrict, South Jakarta. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard instruments and dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. A dipstick semiquantitative assay for urinary glucose was used to define glycosuria (positive). The results showed that 12.8% of postmenopausal women had glycosuria and mean isoflavone intake was 69.5 ± 61.4 g/d. Intake of isoflavone was inversely associated with risk of glycosuria. Compared to women in the lowest quintile of isoflavone intake (Q1), postmenopausal women in the highest quintile (Q5) had a lower risk for glycosuria of 0.30 time that of Q1, which risk was however statistically not significant (OR = 0.30; 95% C1 = 0.02 – 3.14). In conclusion , isoflavone may play a role in the prevention of glycosuria (an important indicator of diabetes) among postmenopausal women
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Suriptiastuti
10 p.
Communicable Diseases
Amebiasis is caused by E. histolytica, which is the only species pathogenic in humans, while the pathogeneicity of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii is still unclear. The disease is endemic in the developing countries, mainly due to poor sanitation and lack of clean water supplies. Infection occurs by ingestion of E. histolytica cysts in fecally contaminated food or water. Excystation in the small intestine releases motile invasive trophozoites which migrate to the large intestine, adhere to the colonic epithelium by means of galactose and an amebic surface antigen, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin. This results in killing of epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by the trophozoites, presumably through secretion of the pore-forming proteins called amebapores and activation of caspase 3. The trophozoite virulence factor, cysteine proteinase, induces an inflammatory response, resulting in neutrophil-mediated damage. Hematogenous spread of trophozoites causes extraintestinal amebiases, particularly amebic liver abscess (ALA), in the formation of which caspase 3 presumably also plays a role. The trophozoites in the liver induce tissue destruction, cellular necrosis and formation of microabcesses that coalesce into a large solitary abscess in 67-75% of cases. Results from pediatric studies reveal that partial immunity is acquired after infection with E histolytica, the immunity however declining with age
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10 p.
Communicable Diseases
Amebiasis is caused by E. histolytica, which is the only species pathogenic in humans, while the pathogeneicity of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii is still unclear. The disease is endemic in the developing countries, mainly due to poor sanitation and lack of clean water supplies. Infection occurs by ingestion of E. histolytica cysts in fecally contaminated food or water. Excystation in the small intestine releases motile invasive trophozoites which migrate to the large intestine, adhere to the colonic epithelium by means of galactose and an amebic surface antigen, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin. This results in killing of epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by the trophozoites, presumably through secretion of the pore-forming proteins called amebapores and activation of caspase 3. The trophozoite virulence factor, cysteine proteinase, induces an inflammatory response, resulting in neutrophil-mediated damage. Hematogenous spread of trophozoites causes extraintestinal amebiases, particularly amebic liver abscess (ALA), in the formation of which caspase 3 presumably also plays a role. The trophozoites in the liver induce tissue destruction, cellular necrosis and formation of microabcesses that coalesce into a large solitary abscess in 67-75% of cases. Results from pediatric studies reveal that partial immunity is acquired after infection with E histolytica, the immunity however declining with age
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Meiyanti
8 p.
Osteoporosis in women; Menopause - Complications; Older women - Diseases
Osteoporosis is a disorder having the characteristics features of low bone mass and structural degeneration. There are several factors affecting the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, such as age, age at menarche, duration of menopause, dietary or nutritional intakes, life style and level formal education. In connection with the increasing global prevalence of osteoporotic fractures, the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and the influencing factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study, involving 203 postmenopausal women aged 47-60 years, was conducted in 4 villages of Mampang Prapatan subdistrict, from February to April 2010. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine 1-4, femoral neck, and left radius was measuresd by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX Bravo Nomusa densitometer, GE Medical Systems) at Budi Jaya Hospital, Jakarta. The T-score threshold, defdined as ≤ -2.5 was used to identify subjects with osteoporosis. The results of the study showed that the highest prevalence of osteopenia of 45.8% was found in the femoral neck, while the highest prevalence of osteoporosis of 30% was found in the distal radius. Age, duration of menopause, and number of pregnancies yielded a significant correlation with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and the distal radius. Body mass index (BMI) was also significantly correlated with BMD of lumbar vertebrae, femoral neck and distal radius. Effective strategies for the prevention and management of osteopenia and osteoporosis are needed.
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8 p.
Osteoporosis in women; Menopause - Complications; Older women - Diseases
Osteoporosis is a disorder having the characteristics features of low bone mass and structural degeneration. There are several factors affecting the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, such as age, age at menarche, duration of menopause, dietary or nutritional intakes, life style and level formal education. In connection with the increasing global prevalence of osteoporotic fractures, the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and the influencing factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study, involving 203 postmenopausal women aged 47-60 years, was conducted in 4 villages of Mampang Prapatan subdistrict, from February to April 2010. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine 1-4, femoral neck, and left radius was measuresd by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX Bravo Nomusa densitometer, GE Medical Systems) at Budi Jaya Hospital, Jakarta. The T-score threshold, defdined as ≤ -2.5 was used to identify subjects with osteoporosis. The results of the study showed that the highest prevalence of osteopenia of 45.8% was found in the femoral neck, while the highest prevalence of osteoporosis of 30% was found in the distal radius. Age, duration of menopause, and number of pregnancies yielded a significant correlation with BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and the distal radius. Body mass index (BMI) was also significantly correlated with BMD of lumbar vertebrae, femoral neck and distal radius. Effective strategies for the prevention and management of osteopenia and osteoporosis are needed.
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Suriptiastuti
10 p.
Communicable Diseases
Amebiasis is caused by E. histolytica, which is the only species pathogenic in humans, while the pathogeneicity of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii is still unclear. The disease is endemic in the developing countries, mainly due to poor sanitation and lack of clean water supplies. Infection occurs by ingestion of E. histolytica cysts in fecally contaminated food or water. Excystation in the small intestine releases motile invasive trophozoites which migrate to the large intestine, adhere to the colonic epithelium by means of galactose and an amebic surface antigen, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin. This results in killing of epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by the trophozoites, presumably through secretion of the pore-forming proteins called amebapores and activation of caspase 3. The trophozoite virulence factor, cysteine proteinase, induces an inflammatory response, resulting in neutrophil-mediated damage. Hematogenous spread of trophozoites causes extraintestinal amebiases, particularly amebic liver abscess (ALA), in the formation of which caspase 3 presumably also plays a role. The trophozoites in the liver induce tissue destruction, cellular necrosis and formation of microabcesses that coalesce into a large solitary abscess in 67-75% of cases. Results from pediatric studies reveal that partial immunity is acquired after infection with E histolytica, the immunity however declining with age
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10 p.
Communicable Diseases
Amebiasis is caused by E. histolytica, which is the only species pathogenic in humans, while the pathogeneicity of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii is still unclear. The disease is endemic in the developing countries, mainly due to poor sanitation and lack of clean water supplies. Infection occurs by ingestion of E. histolytica cysts in fecally contaminated food or water. Excystation in the small intestine releases motile invasive trophozoites which migrate to the large intestine, adhere to the colonic epithelium by means of galactose and an amebic surface antigen, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin. This results in killing of epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by the trophozoites, presumably through secretion of the pore-forming proteins called amebapores and activation of caspase 3. The trophozoite virulence factor, cysteine proteinase, induces an inflammatory response, resulting in neutrophil-mediated damage. Hematogenous spread of trophozoites causes extraintestinal amebiases, particularly amebic liver abscess (ALA), in the formation of which caspase 3 presumably also plays a role. The trophozoites in the liver induce tissue destruction, cellular necrosis and formation of microabcesses that coalesce into a large solitary abscess in 67-75% of cases. Results from pediatric studies reveal that partial immunity is acquired after infection with E histolytica, the immunity however declining with age
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Ridwan Harrianto
15 p.
Backache
Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem in adult life, since despite its benign nature it is commonly associated with incapacity, productivity loss due to sick leave, and correspondingly high costs to the individual worker. Psychosocial and lifestyle factors and work-place exposures have been implicated in the onset of symptoms. Heavy physical work , static work postures, frequent bending and twisting, lifting and postural movements, repetitive work, and whole body vibrations are accupational factors associated with LBP. The usual classification of LBP is related to the duration of the complaints (acute, subacute, and chronic). However, these terms fail to take into account several clinically important aspects of the course of LBP, which is frequently recurrent and thus neither acute nor chronic. More realistically, LBP should be classified as specific and nonspecific. Approximately 90% of LBP cases have no identifiable cause and is designated nonspecific LBP. However, despite its high prevalence, the etiology and nature of nonspecific LBP are not yet well understood. Its pathophysiology remains complex and multifaceted. Multiple anatomic structures and elements of the lumbar spine (e.g. bones, ligaments, tendons, discs and muscles) are all suspected of playing a role. Many of these components of the lumbar spine have sensory innervations that can generate nociceptive signals in response to tissue-damaging stimuli. Other causes could be neuropathic (e.g. sciatica). Some cases pf LBP most likely involve mixed nociceptive and neuropathic etiologies.nn
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15 p.
Backache
Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem in adult life, since despite its benign nature it is commonly associated with incapacity, productivity loss due to sick leave, and correspondingly high costs to the individual worker. Psychosocial and lifestyle factors and work-place exposures have been implicated in the onset of symptoms. Heavy physical work , static work postures, frequent bending and twisting, lifting and postural movements, repetitive work, and whole body vibrations are accupational factors associated with LBP. The usual classification of LBP is related to the duration of the complaints (acute, subacute, and chronic). However, these terms fail to take into account several clinically important aspects of the course of LBP, which is frequently recurrent and thus neither acute nor chronic. More realistically, LBP should be classified as specific and nonspecific. Approximately 90% of LBP cases have no identifiable cause and is designated nonspecific LBP. However, despite its high prevalence, the etiology and nature of nonspecific LBP are not yet well understood. Its pathophysiology remains complex and multifaceted. Multiple anatomic structures and elements of the lumbar spine (e.g. bones, ligaments, tendons, discs and muscles) are all suspected of playing a role. Many of these components of the lumbar spine have sensory innervations that can generate nociceptive signals in response to tissue-damaging stimuli. Other causes could be neuropathic (e.g. sciatica). Some cases pf LBP most likely involve mixed nociceptive and neuropathic etiologies.nn
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Alvina
9 p.
Fatty liver; Liver Diseases
Currently nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are medical problems associated with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, usually designated as the metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance. One study demonstrated an increase in NAFLD prevalence of around 17-33% and in NASH prevalence 5.7 – 16.5%. NAFLD comparises a range of mild to severe conditions, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is important for prognosis, stratification for treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Ultrasonography (USG) isa simple method for detecting fatty infiltrates in the liver. USG has a sensitivity of 82-89% and a specificity of 93% but cannot differentiate between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The gold standard for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is liver biopsy, which however is painful and invasive procedure. Currently determination of serum type IV collagen has been suggested as an alternative to liver biopsy among the non-invasive methods for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, as its serum concentration is closely correlated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH. Type IV collagen is one of the components of basement membrane and its serum concentration is indicative of degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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9 p.
Fatty liver; Liver Diseases
Currently nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are medical problems associated with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, usually designated as the metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance. One study demonstrated an increase in NAFLD prevalence of around 17-33% and in NASH prevalence 5.7 – 16.5%. NAFLD comparises a range of mild to severe conditions, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is important for prognosis, stratification for treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Ultrasonography (USG) isa simple method for detecting fatty infiltrates in the liver. USG has a sensitivity of 82-89% and a specificity of 93% but cannot differentiate between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The gold standard for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is liver biopsy, which however is painful and invasive procedure. Currently determination of serum type IV collagen has been suggested as an alternative to liver biopsy among the non-invasive methods for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, as its serum concentration is closely correlated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH. Type IV collagen is one of the components of basement membrane and its serum concentration is indicative of degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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Alvina
9 p.
Fatty liver; Liver Diseases
Currently nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are medical problems associated with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, usually designated as the metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance. One study demonstrated an increase in NAFLD prevalence of around 17-33% and in NASH prevalence 5.7 – 16.5%. NAFLD comparises a range of mild to severe conditions, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is important for prognosis, stratification for treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Ultrasonography (USG) isa simple method for detecting fatty infiltrates in the liver. USG has a sensitivity of 82-89% and a specificity of 93% but cannot differentiate between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The gold standard for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is liver biopsy, which however is painful and invasive procedure. Currently determination of serum type IV collagen has been suggested as an alternative to liver biopsy among the non-invasive methods for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, as its serum concentration is closely correlated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH. Type IV collagen is one of the components of basement membrane and its serum concentration is indicative of degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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9 p.
Fatty liver; Liver Diseases
Currently nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are medical problems associated with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, usually designated as the metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance. One study demonstrated an increase in NAFLD prevalence of around 17-33% and in NASH prevalence 5.7 – 16.5%. NAFLD comparises a range of mild to severe conditions, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is important for prognosis, stratification for treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Ultrasonography (USG) isa simple method for detecting fatty infiltrates in the liver. USG has a sensitivity of 82-89% and a specificity of 93% but cannot differentiate between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The gold standard for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is liver biopsy, which however is painful and invasive procedure. Currently determination of serum type IV collagen has been suggested as an alternative to liver biopsy among the non-invasive methods for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, as its serum concentration is closely correlated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH. Type IV collagen is one of the components of basement membrane and its serum concentration is indicative of degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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Saryono
7 p.
Single nucleotide polymorphism; Chromosome polymorphism; Human genetic - Varian
The tyrosine kinase receptor RET, which is the protein product of the RET gene, is involved in the development of the mammalian nervous system that causes Hirschsprungs disease (HSCR). RETs are cell surface molecules that are expressed in cells derived from the neural crest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the RET gene in HSCR in the Yogyakarta population. Genomic DNA was extracted from surgically removed bowel tissues of 54 unrelated HSCR patients. Exon 2 of the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Molecular results were compared with clinical performance of Hirschsprung patients, RET polymorphism was detected in exon 2 in all of the 54 Indonesian HSCR patients. The allelic distribution of the c135G → A polymorphism in the RET exon 2 indicated that the A allele was more frequent in patients than in control individuals (chi-square test, p= 0.0001). Thus the RET variant allele A is over-represented in patients affected with the HSCR phenotype. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the RET gene was found in sporadic Hirschsprungs disease in the Yogyakarta population, which suggests that the RET gene plays important roles in the pathogenesis of HSCR
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7 p.
Single nucleotide polymorphism; Chromosome polymorphism; Human genetic - Varian
The tyrosine kinase receptor RET, which is the protein product of the RET gene, is involved in the development of the mammalian nervous system that causes Hirschsprungs disease (HSCR). RETs are cell surface molecules that are expressed in cells derived from the neural crest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the RET gene in HSCR in the Yogyakarta population. Genomic DNA was extracted from surgically removed bowel tissues of 54 unrelated HSCR patients. Exon 2 of the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Molecular results were compared with clinical performance of Hirschsprung patients, RET polymorphism was detected in exon 2 in all of the 54 Indonesian HSCR patients. The allelic distribution of the c135G → A polymorphism in the RET exon 2 indicated that the A allele was more frequent in patients than in control individuals (chi-square test, p= 0.0001). Thus the RET variant allele A is over-represented in patients affected with the HSCR phenotype. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the RET gene was found in sporadic Hirschsprungs disease in the Yogyakarta population, which suggests that the RET gene plays important roles in the pathogenesis of HSCR
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