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Dani Gustaman Syarif
7 p.
Thermistors; Ceramic materials
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7 p.
Thermistors; Ceramic materials
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Rizqon Fajar
8
engine generatorn
Durability test of small diesel engine 27 kw using coco-diesel. Today, government is concern on using vegetable oil as alternative fuel which is environment friendly. Biofuel should be transformed to ester compound before used on diesel engines. It is caused that ester has similar physical properties comparing to the mineral oil (solar). This paper presents a durability test results on a diesel engine which used ester compound from coconut diesel (coco methyl ester). The test was done for 100 hours. The engine test used was a single cylinder Mitsubishi â„¢ with capacity 27 HP. The engine was coupled by generator electricity. During durability test generator was loaded by heaters 10 Kw. Fuel consumption, opacity, exhausts gas temperature and oil condition was checked at 0.50 and 100 hours.
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8
engine generatorn
Durability test of small diesel engine 27 kw using coco-diesel. Today, government is concern on using vegetable oil as alternative fuel which is environment friendly. Biofuel should be transformed to ester compound before used on diesel engines. It is caused that ester has similar physical properties comparing to the mineral oil (solar). This paper presents a durability test results on a diesel engine which used ester compound from coconut diesel (coco methyl ester). The test was done for 100 hours. The engine test used was a single cylinder Mitsubishi â„¢ with capacity 27 HP. The engine was coupled by generator electricity. During durability test generator was loaded by heaters 10 Kw. Fuel consumption, opacity, exhausts gas temperature and oil condition was checked at 0.50 and 100 hours.
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D.N. Adnyana
8
Boiler tube
Failure investigation on ruptured boiler tube, this paper presents as failure investigation on a ruptured stream boiler tube. This boiler tube was made of low carbon steel, having 76.1 mm outside diameter and 5 mm thickness. The boiler tube was installed in horizontal position on the front rear walls of a steam boiler that was operated aw steam pressure and temperature of 60 bar and 275°C respectively. The failure investigation was carried out by performing a number of examinations including: macroscopy, metallography, hardness test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Results of the failure investigation showed that the failure on the boiler tube was most likely caused by a short term localized overheating. The overheating temperature was estimated to have reached about 700-850°C. this was indicated by the formation of bainite and/or martensite microstructure in some location of the ruptured tube material. Since no any significant scale formation was observed in the tube internal wall, and also no any obvious indication of possible overheating due to a direct burner flame impingement toward the tube outside surface, it was therefore concluded that the occurrence of short term localized overheating on the tube was most probably caused by low water level in that particular part of the boiler tube.
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8
Boiler tube
Failure investigation on ruptured boiler tube, this paper presents as failure investigation on a ruptured stream boiler tube. This boiler tube was made of low carbon steel, having 76.1 mm outside diameter and 5 mm thickness. The boiler tube was installed in horizontal position on the front rear walls of a steam boiler that was operated aw steam pressure and temperature of 60 bar and 275°C respectively. The failure investigation was carried out by performing a number of examinations including: macroscopy, metallography, hardness test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). Results of the failure investigation showed that the failure on the boiler tube was most likely caused by a short term localized overheating. The overheating temperature was estimated to have reached about 700-850°C. this was indicated by the formation of bainite and/or martensite microstructure in some location of the ruptured tube material. Since no any significant scale formation was observed in the tube internal wall, and also no any obvious indication of possible overheating due to a direct burner flame impingement toward the tube outside surface, it was therefore concluded that the occurrence of short term localized overheating on the tube was most probably caused by low water level in that particular part of the boiler tube.
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Dani Gustaman Syarif
7
Thermistor
The characteristics of Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramic Thermistor as a product of sintering and heat treatment. This study was done to know the effect of TiOâ‚‚ addition on the characteristics of Feâ‚‚O₃ ceramics and the effect of a heat treatment at low temperature on the electrical characteristics of Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics including the mechanism of its change as well. The Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics were produced by sintering some green pellets from mixture of 99.9% mole % Feâ‚‚O₃ and 1 mole % TiOâ‚‚ at 1200°C for 1 hour in air. A heat treatment was carried out at 750°C in air with a cooling rate of 2°C/minute. Electrical resistivity of the ceramics was measured at different temperatures before and after heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done to know the crystal structure of the ceramics and phases formed therein. It was known that the crystal structure of the Feâ‚‚O₃ and Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics was the same i.e. that similar to hematite. The electrical characteristics showed that the room temperature resistivity (ÏsR) of the Feâ‚‚O₃ ceramics drastically decreases with 1 mole % TiOâ‚‚ addition and showed that the (ÏsR) of the Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics increased significantly while the value of the thermistor constant (B) relatively did not less formation of oxygen vacancies which behave as the electron source for conduction band.
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7
Thermistor
The characteristics of Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramic Thermistor as a product of sintering and heat treatment. This study was done to know the effect of TiOâ‚‚ addition on the characteristics of Feâ‚‚O₃ ceramics and the effect of a heat treatment at low temperature on the electrical characteristics of Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics including the mechanism of its change as well. The Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics were produced by sintering some green pellets from mixture of 99.9% mole % Feâ‚‚O₃ and 1 mole % TiOâ‚‚ at 1200°C for 1 hour in air. A heat treatment was carried out at 750°C in air with a cooling rate of 2°C/minute. Electrical resistivity of the ceramics was measured at different temperatures before and after heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done to know the crystal structure of the ceramics and phases formed therein. It was known that the crystal structure of the Feâ‚‚O₃ and Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics was the same i.e. that similar to hematite. The electrical characteristics showed that the room temperature resistivity (ÏsR) of the Feâ‚‚O₃ ceramics drastically decreases with 1 mole % TiOâ‚‚ addition and showed that the (ÏsR) of the Feâ‚‚O₃: 1mTi ceramics increased significantly while the value of the thermistor constant (B) relatively did not less formation of oxygen vacancies which behave as the electron source for conduction band.
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Dani Gustaman Syarif
7 p.
Thermistors; Ceramic materials
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7 p.
Thermistors; Ceramic materials
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Dody Prayitno
9
aluminum-silicon
Hardness of microstructures of The As Cast (Al-Si) with different thickness. The aim of the research is to investigate effect of thickness of casting on the hardness and microstructure of aluminum-silicon. The research started by melting the Al-10% Si at 750®C. a wood pattern which varies in thickness was used in the making a sand mould. The molten metal was poured into the sand mould. Finally the as-cast is cut, grinded and polished for metallographic and hardness testing. An etching solution. HCL 1 % was used for metallographic and the samples were observed under a SEM machine. The Vickers hardness testing machine is used. The experimental researches show that reducing in thickness of casting will reduce silicon-eutectic size and increase the hardness.
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9
aluminum-silicon
Hardness of microstructures of The As Cast (Al-Si) with different thickness. The aim of the research is to investigate effect of thickness of casting on the hardness and microstructure of aluminum-silicon. The research started by melting the Al-10% Si at 750®C. a wood pattern which varies in thickness was used in the making a sand mould. The molten metal was poured into the sand mould. Finally the as-cast is cut, grinded and polished for metallographic and hardness testing. An etching solution. HCL 1 % was used for metallographic and the samples were observed under a SEM machine. The Vickers hardness testing machine is used. The experimental researches show that reducing in thickness of casting will reduce silicon-eutectic size and increase the hardness.
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Lutfi Firmansyah
6
Dielectric ceramic
Formation dielectric ceramic from (ZnO-TiOâ‚‚) system at 1450°C sintering temperature and their characteristics, synthesis of dielectric ceramics from (ZnO-TiOâ‚‚) system at 1450°C at possibility of the application of the ceramics for dielectric ceramics. The ceramics were produced by mixing powder of ZnO and TiOâ‚‚ with the concentration in such away so that the concentration of TiOâ‚‚ larger than the stoichiometric concentration of Znâ‚‚TiOâ‚„ and by sintering at 1450°C. Characterization was carried out through XRD, micro structural and electrical analysis. The XRD and microstructure analysis showed that the (ZnO-TiOâ‚‚) system ceramics formed Znâ‚‚-xTiâ‚-xOâ‚„ solid solution which accompanied by the formation of Zn vacancy defect. No second phase found in the ceramics. Lattice constant of the Znâ‚‚-xTiâ‚-xOâ‚„ solid solution decreased following the increase of the concentration of TiOâ‚‚ excess (expressed by x). The TiOâ‚‚ excess affected the grain size of the Znâ‚‚-xTiâ‚-xOâ‚„ ceramics although the effect was not significant. At high temperature, the excess of TiOâ‚‚ increased the dielectric constant and dissipation factor. The ceramics produced in this work had relatively low dielectric constant and loss tangent and good stability in relation to temperature change, so they can be applied as ceramic substrate and capasitor dielectric.
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6
Dielectric ceramic
Formation dielectric ceramic from (ZnO-TiOâ‚‚) system at 1450°C sintering temperature and their characteristics, synthesis of dielectric ceramics from (ZnO-TiOâ‚‚) system at 1450°C at possibility of the application of the ceramics for dielectric ceramics. The ceramics were produced by mixing powder of ZnO and TiOâ‚‚ with the concentration in such away so that the concentration of TiOâ‚‚ larger than the stoichiometric concentration of Znâ‚‚TiOâ‚„ and by sintering at 1450°C. Characterization was carried out through XRD, micro structural and electrical analysis. The XRD and microstructure analysis showed that the (ZnO-TiOâ‚‚) system ceramics formed Znâ‚‚-xTiâ‚-xOâ‚„ solid solution which accompanied by the formation of Zn vacancy defect. No second phase found in the ceramics. Lattice constant of the Znâ‚‚-xTiâ‚-xOâ‚„ solid solution decreased following the increase of the concentration of TiOâ‚‚ excess (expressed by x). The TiOâ‚‚ excess affected the grain size of the Znâ‚‚-xTiâ‚-xOâ‚„ ceramics although the effect was not significant. At high temperature, the excess of TiOâ‚‚ increased the dielectric constant and dissipation factor. The ceramics produced in this work had relatively low dielectric constant and loss tangent and good stability in relation to temperature change, so they can be applied as ceramic substrate and capasitor dielectric.
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Rizqon Fajar
8
engine lubricant
Quality determination of engine lubricant. The monitoring on commercial engine lubricant have resulted that the properties of most lubricant (synthetic, semi synthetic and mineral type) have met the requirements specified for common engine oil. However, significant variations have been found in the properties such as viscosity, viscosity index and additive contents (anti oxidant & detergent). Too high in viscosity will give difficulty during engine staring and increases the fuel consumption. Meanwhile if the viscosity is too low this will create more risks for engine damage (metal to metal contact). Some of the samples from synthetic, semi synthetic and mineral lubricants have shown that the additives contents (anti oxidant, antiwear and detergent) are too low. Lower additive contents means that the service life of the lubricants will be shorter than the usual recommendation. Most of mineral lubricants are too high viscosity at normal temperature of engine operation (100°C). this will decrease the efficiency for the engine operations (high fuel consumption).
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8
engine lubricant
Quality determination of engine lubricant. The monitoring on commercial engine lubricant have resulted that the properties of most lubricant (synthetic, semi synthetic and mineral type) have met the requirements specified for common engine oil. However, significant variations have been found in the properties such as viscosity, viscosity index and additive contents (anti oxidant & detergent). Too high in viscosity will give difficulty during engine staring and increases the fuel consumption. Meanwhile if the viscosity is too low this will create more risks for engine damage (metal to metal contact). Some of the samples from synthetic, semi synthetic and mineral lubricants have shown that the additives contents (anti oxidant, antiwear and detergent) are too low. Lower additive contents means that the service life of the lubricants will be shorter than the usual recommendation. Most of mineral lubricants are too high viscosity at normal temperature of engine operation (100°C). this will decrease the efficiency for the engine operations (high fuel consumption).
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P. Purwanto
8 p.
Composite materials
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8 p.
Composite materials
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Tono Sukarnoto
5
bolt ; photo elasticity
Stress distribution analysis on bolt head with various fillets using photo elasticity method. A geometry modification can be use to reduce stress concentration. This research is investigating the influence of fillet radius in the head of bolt. Different than most common bolt, the fillet is made at the bottom surface of head around its neck. To show the stress distribution we use classical experimental mechanics method, photo elasticity. Loading comes from a lead screw and measured by a load cell connected to a computer data logger. As the result, a 5mm fillet radius may reduce maximum shear stress up to 35 % than no fillet radius, so its effective to minimize stress concentration in head bolt.
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5
bolt ; photo elasticity
Stress distribution analysis on bolt head with various fillets using photo elasticity method. A geometry modification can be use to reduce stress concentration. This research is investigating the influence of fillet radius in the head of bolt. Different than most common bolt, the fillet is made at the bottom surface of head around its neck. To show the stress distribution we use classical experimental mechanics method, photo elasticity. Loading comes from a lead screw and measured by a load cell connected to a computer data logger. As the result, a 5mm fillet radius may reduce maximum shear stress up to 35 % than no fillet radius, so its effective to minimize stress concentration in head bolt.
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Anhar R. Antariksawan
9
Coolant pipe
Experimental simulation of the effect of size and location of coolant pipe break in nuclear reactor using UUTR. Mod-1. Several experiments of LOCA with various break size and locations have been conducted using UUTR. Mod-1 test facility. The break sizes studied are 2mm, 5mm, and 10 mm, each at hot-leg and cold-leg side. The initial conditions of the experiment are J MW of power, primary side pressure of 155 bar approximately , coolant flow rate of 9.8 kg/s and only accumulator is functioned as emergency coolant. Both at hot-leg and cold-leg, the break size of 2mm showed slower pressure decrease rate and the occurrence of temperature increase early after break. For larger break size, pressure decrease is faster and showed rod temperature excursion due to rod uncovering. Concerning the break location, in large break area, cold-leg break showed heater temperature excursion early than in case of hot-leg break. Size and location of break determine the timing of event and, as excursion, the addition of automatic depressurization system and installation of injection system in upper head of pressure vessel have been considered in the nuclear reactor design.
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9
Coolant pipe
Experimental simulation of the effect of size and location of coolant pipe break in nuclear reactor using UUTR. Mod-1. Several experiments of LOCA with various break size and locations have been conducted using UUTR. Mod-1 test facility. The break sizes studied are 2mm, 5mm, and 10 mm, each at hot-leg and cold-leg side. The initial conditions of the experiment are J MW of power, primary side pressure of 155 bar approximately , coolant flow rate of 9.8 kg/s and only accumulator is functioned as emergency coolant. Both at hot-leg and cold-leg, the break size of 2mm showed slower pressure decrease rate and the occurrence of temperature increase early after break. For larger break size, pressure decrease is faster and showed rod temperature excursion due to rod uncovering. Concerning the break location, in large break area, cold-leg break showed heater temperature excursion early than in case of hot-leg break. Size and location of break determine the timing of event and, as excursion, the addition of automatic depressurization system and installation of injection system in upper head of pressure vessel have been considered in the nuclear reactor design.
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P. Purwanto
8 p.
Composite materials
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8 p.
Composite materials
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Aziz K Jahja
7
engineering materials ; debye-waller
Analysis of Ni25at%Cr Debye-Waller factor. Intensity analysis on X-ray diffraction experiment was carried out on Ni25at%Cr solid bulk sample to study the effect of heat treatment on the physical properties. Rietveld analysis (RIETAN) on both the untreated and heat-treated samples incorporates both structural parameters such as Debye-Waller temperature factor and non-structural parameters such as peak-position, peak-width, and peak broadening. Changes in these parameters have been observed in these samples, normally associated with changes in the materials properties after heat-treatment, although previous results show that the samples’ microstructure and crystal group symmetry have not been altered. Careful analysis revelead that on the atomic scale, the materials’ physical characteristics such as Debye temperature, molar heat capacity, and homogenous and in-homogenous strain, thermal coefficient expansion have experience some changes. Therefore this finding should have physical impact on the materials, such as convection-heat rate and thermal conductivity.
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7
engineering materials ; debye-waller
Analysis of Ni25at%Cr Debye-Waller factor. Intensity analysis on X-ray diffraction experiment was carried out on Ni25at%Cr solid bulk sample to study the effect of heat treatment on the physical properties. Rietveld analysis (RIETAN) on both the untreated and heat-treated samples incorporates both structural parameters such as Debye-Waller temperature factor and non-structural parameters such as peak-position, peak-width, and peak broadening. Changes in these parameters have been observed in these samples, normally associated with changes in the materials properties after heat-treatment, although previous results show that the samples’ microstructure and crystal group symmetry have not been altered. Careful analysis revelead that on the atomic scale, the materials’ physical characteristics such as Debye temperature, molar heat capacity, and homogenous and in-homogenous strain, thermal coefficient expansion have experience some changes. Therefore this finding should have physical impact on the materials, such as convection-heat rate and thermal conductivity.
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Sigit Subiantoro
12
Maintenance ; machine
Combination of preventive and reactive maintenance using dynamic system simulation. Maintenance system holds an important role in a company establishment. Less optimal of maintenance system will cause disturbance to the production process. To overcome this problem, a quantitative approach model contains of complexion factors was proposed as a solution. Base on this model, simulation of solution is made by using dynamic system principle and powerism software. From three scenario which have been proposed, the scenario third is most optimal, that is suppressing maintenance cost fraction to 5% value, increasing the preventive maintenance (PM-10) fraction value and decreasing value fraction of reactive maintenance (RM-0.8).n
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12
Maintenance ; machine
Combination of preventive and reactive maintenance using dynamic system simulation. Maintenance system holds an important role in a company establishment. Less optimal of maintenance system will cause disturbance to the production process. To overcome this problem, a quantitative approach model contains of complexion factors was proposed as a solution. Base on this model, simulation of solution is made by using dynamic system principle and powerism software. From three scenario which have been proposed, the scenario third is most optimal, that is suppressing maintenance cost fraction to 5% value, increasing the preventive maintenance (PM-10) fraction value and decreasing value fraction of reactive maintenance (RM-0.8).n
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Agus Suhartono
9 p.
Metals - Fatigue
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9 p.
Metals - Fatigue
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Bambang Suwondo Rahardjo
3
gasifier
Performance test of biomass bubbling fluidized bed gassifier using clay catalyst. Design of catalytic bubbling fluidized-bed gasifier operate on temperature 650-750®C using the cheapness of clay catalyst without forming of tar emission compared to silica sand catalyst (13 %) and or FCC (1%). Research of performance test of pilot-plant have been done by counted 25 times since year of 2004 by biomass feeding in the form of sawdust, rice husk, corn stem, peanuts shell. Gas product can move generator diesel 25 kWe with calorie value which still lower (<10MJ/m³), whereas at usage of corn stem feeding counted 26 kgs/h at diesel generator 30 kWe, success economize diesel fuel 25% with attainment of efficiency 51% on gasification temperature of 733°C. Still require to improve stability and duration of material feeding system, mixing system design of feeding material + catalyst, and also optimation of gasification operation condition.
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3
gasifier
Performance test of biomass bubbling fluidized bed gassifier using clay catalyst. Design of catalytic bubbling fluidized-bed gasifier operate on temperature 650-750®C using the cheapness of clay catalyst without forming of tar emission compared to silica sand catalyst (13 %) and or FCC (1%). Research of performance test of pilot-plant have been done by counted 25 times since year of 2004 by biomass feeding in the form of sawdust, rice husk, corn stem, peanuts shell. Gas product can move generator diesel 25 kWe with calorie value which still lower (<10MJ/m³), whereas at usage of corn stem feeding counted 26 kgs/h at diesel generator 30 kWe, success economize diesel fuel 25% with attainment of efficiency 51% on gasification temperature of 733°C. Still require to improve stability and duration of material feeding system, mixing system design of feeding material + catalyst, and also optimation of gasification operation condition.
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Sally Cahyati
9
tool path
The influence of tool path strategies; raster and 3D offset to flatness and parallelism of product. Parallelism of two surfaces is one of geometrical tolerance that can measure after their tolerances of flatness are known. The parallelism and flatness are two geometrical characters that usually require by standardized plates of mould. Tool path of milling machine on a surface plate is one of thing that influences their character. In this paper, geometrical character of flat plane surface that had been machined by raster tool path strategy and 3D offset strategy will be analyzed. The result of experiment can be use for refinement of machining strategies to achieve an optimized machining.
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9
tool path
The influence of tool path strategies; raster and 3D offset to flatness and parallelism of product. Parallelism of two surfaces is one of geometrical tolerance that can measure after their tolerances of flatness are known. The parallelism and flatness are two geometrical characters that usually require by standardized plates of mould. Tool path of milling machine on a surface plate is one of thing that influences their character. In this paper, geometrical character of flat plane surface that had been machined by raster tool path strategy and 3D offset strategy will be analyzed. The result of experiment can be use for refinement of machining strategies to achieve an optimized machining.
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Rianti Dewi Sulamet Ariobimo
10 p.
Steel
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10 p.
Steel
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Marzuki S.
8
natrium hydroxide
Corrosion studies on Ss-321 in Natrium-Hydroxide solution. Experimental corrosion studies on commercial SS-321 have been carried out. The experiments were carried out in a sodium hydroxide medium with a concentration variation of 0.4 M, 0.5 M, and 0.7 M corresponding to pH values of 13.6, 13.69, 13.78, and 13.84 respectively. The experiments were carried out using a type of M-273 EG&G potentiostat/galvanometer test instrument. The post-corrosion samples’ microstructure were analyzed with the aid of EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) equipped SEM instrument to detect the presence of any viable corrosion by products. For further verification x-ray diffraction method was also used to detect any possible emerging corrosion by products on the samples’ surfaces correlated to the SEM-EDS result. Experimental results confirm that AISI0321 commercial alloys immersed in a natrium hydroxide corrosion medium with a variation of concentration experience very little or almost no corrosion, so that according to the so-called Fontana’s criteria these test-materials turn out to have an excellent resistance toward natrium hydroxide corrosion. This is also evidenced by the very low corrosion rate value measured in this study. EDS study X-ray diffraction results indicate that the possible ensuring corrosion by products are iron oxides, chrome oxides and silicon oxides.
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8
natrium hydroxide
Corrosion studies on Ss-321 in Natrium-Hydroxide solution. Experimental corrosion studies on commercial SS-321 have been carried out. The experiments were carried out in a sodium hydroxide medium with a concentration variation of 0.4 M, 0.5 M, and 0.7 M corresponding to pH values of 13.6, 13.69, 13.78, and 13.84 respectively. The experiments were carried out using a type of M-273 EG&G potentiostat/galvanometer test instrument. The post-corrosion samples’ microstructure were analyzed with the aid of EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) equipped SEM instrument to detect the presence of any viable corrosion by products. For further verification x-ray diffraction method was also used to detect any possible emerging corrosion by products on the samples’ surfaces correlated to the SEM-EDS result. Experimental results confirm that AISI0321 commercial alloys immersed in a natrium hydroxide corrosion medium with a variation of concentration experience very little or almost no corrosion, so that according to the so-called Fontana’s criteria these test-materials turn out to have an excellent resistance toward natrium hydroxide corrosion. This is also evidenced by the very low corrosion rate value measured in this study. EDS study X-ray diffraction results indicate that the possible ensuring corrosion by products are iron oxides, chrome oxides and silicon oxides.
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Bambang Teguh Prasetyo
7
nRadiatorn
Radiator performance characteristic test. Test of radiator performance characteristic at various flow rates has been done. The test is aimed to verify the specification given by vendor and to define radiator performance, such as temperature effectiveness. Number of transfer unit (NTU) and pressure drop at design condition as a solution of rating problem. Based on the test results this radiator was well designed. Temperature effectiveness varies around 60 to 85% and NTU showed a good agreement with the theoretical model. The different are around 0.1% to 5.3%. pressure drops are still accepted by design criteria. Especially for air side, the pressure drops are around 29 to 392 pa which are still inferiors than 900 Pa.n
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7
nRadiatorn
Radiator performance characteristic test. Test of radiator performance characteristic at various flow rates has been done. The test is aimed to verify the specification given by vendor and to define radiator performance, such as temperature effectiveness. Number of transfer unit (NTU) and pressure drop at design condition as a solution of rating problem. Based on the test results this radiator was well designed. Temperature effectiveness varies around 60 to 85% and NTU showed a good agreement with the theoretical model. The different are around 0.1% to 5.3%. pressure drops are still accepted by design criteria. Especially for air side, the pressure drops are around 29 to 392 pa which are still inferiors than 900 Pa.n
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Rianti Dewi Sulamet Ariobimo
10 p.
Steel
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10 p.
Steel
7.jpg
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Romyaldy
8
Network ; computational intelligence
A unifying perspective to understanding computational intelligence techniques and their applicability in various application. Computational intelligence techniques, such as Neural Network, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), has been receiving a large attention in research area nowadays. Their application has covered vast area from engineering and business. This paper highlight a perspective that could provide newcomer to this field (especially) reasons and explanations for their such wide range of applications. Throughout the paper, control applications in will be used as an example for the implementation of this perspective in real mechanical engineering application.
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8
Network ; computational intelligence
A unifying perspective to understanding computational intelligence techniques and their applicability in various application. Computational intelligence techniques, such as Neural Network, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), has been receiving a large attention in research area nowadays. Their application has covered vast area from engineering and business. This paper highlight a perspective that could provide newcomer to this field (especially) reasons and explanations for their such wide range of applications. Throughout the paper, control applications in will be used as an example for the implementation of this perspective in real mechanical engineering application.
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Triyono Aditya
7
Image ; digital camera
Software development for 2D measured based on an image. The principal of digital image measurement program is transferring a taken image object to computer to be process to digital data and from digital to numeric value. Digital camera and USB can be used as transferring data equipment, and to retain the object flatness, a measurement table is used as the based. The image object that shown in the computer monitor will be use as a guide for the Cartesian coordinate system reading of the measured image object. The superiority of this software is the object can be placed anywhere around the measurement table. The software is made with Visual Basic language and can be used for object that are: easy to defect, electrostatic free, small and thin.n
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7
Image ; digital camera
Software development for 2D measured based on an image. The principal of digital image measurement program is transferring a taken image object to computer to be process to digital data and from digital to numeric value. Digital camera and USB can be used as transferring data equipment, and to retain the object flatness, a measurement table is used as the based. The image object that shown in the computer monitor will be use as a guide for the Cartesian coordinate system reading of the measured image object. The superiority of this software is the object can be placed anywhere around the measurement table. The software is made with Visual Basic language and can be used for object that are: easy to defect, electrostatic free, small and thin.n
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Engkir Sukirman
6 p.
Electric transformers
8.jpg
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6 p.
Electric transformers
8.jpg
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Nor Edy
6
Gearmesh
Vibration analysis to identity Gearmesh on spur gears transmission by using LabVIEW software. Spectrum vibration analysis which is done and focus on gearmesh. In this experiment, transmission of spur gears is employed which is completed by a double-rotors kit model as a load. This experiment, which is done by using two kinds of lubrication with different viscosity such as SAE 20W-50 and SAE 15W-50. Vibration analysis employs alternative software, lab VIEW that has high simplicity and flexibility in making the customization as necessary. Labview may be used to monitor the machine condition continuously and to acquire data when needed. Thus, the characteristic vibration analysis may be observed and if an abnormal condition takes place, the solution may be required.
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6
Gearmesh
Vibration analysis to identity Gearmesh on spur gears transmission by using LabVIEW software. Spectrum vibration analysis which is done and focus on gearmesh. In this experiment, transmission of spur gears is employed which is completed by a double-rotors kit model as a load. This experiment, which is done by using two kinds of lubrication with different viscosity such as SAE 20W-50 and SAE 15W-50. Vibration analysis employs alternative software, lab VIEW that has high simplicity and flexibility in making the customization as necessary. Labview may be used to monitor the machine condition continuously and to acquire data when needed. Thus, the characteristic vibration analysis may be observed and if an abnormal condition takes place, the solution may be required.
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Nurdin Effendi
8
sodium chloride
nCorrosion studies on SS-321 in Sodium –Chloride solution medium. Experimental corrosion studies on commercial SS-321 have been carried out. The experiments were carried out in a sodium chloride medium with a concentration variation of 0.4 mol, o.5 mol, 0.6 mol, and 0.7 mol corresponding to pH values of 7.0, respectively. The experiments were carried out using a type of M-273 EG&G potentiostat/galvanometer test instrument. The post-corrosion samples’ microstructure were analyzed with the aid of EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) equipped SEM instrument to detect the presence of any viable corrosion by products. For further verification x-ray diffraction method was also used to detect any possible emerging corrosion by product on the samples’ surfaces. Experimental results confirm that AISI-321 commercial alloys immersed in a sodium chloride corrosion medium with a variation of concentration experience very little or almost no corrosion, and that according to the so-called Fontana’s criteria these test-materials turn out to have an excellent resistance toward sodium-chloric corrosion. This is also evidence by the very low corrosion rate value measured in this study. EDS study and X-ray diffraction results indicate that the possible ensuring corrosion by products are iron oxides, chrome oxides, iron chlorides, and nickel hydride oxide.n
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8
sodium chloride
nCorrosion studies on SS-321 in Sodium –Chloride solution medium. Experimental corrosion studies on commercial SS-321 have been carried out. The experiments were carried out in a sodium chloride medium with a concentration variation of 0.4 mol, o.5 mol, 0.6 mol, and 0.7 mol corresponding to pH values of 7.0, respectively. The experiments were carried out using a type of M-273 EG&G potentiostat/galvanometer test instrument. The post-corrosion samples’ microstructure were analyzed with the aid of EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) equipped SEM instrument to detect the presence of any viable corrosion by products. For further verification x-ray diffraction method was also used to detect any possible emerging corrosion by product on the samples’ surfaces. Experimental results confirm that AISI-321 commercial alloys immersed in a sodium chloride corrosion medium with a variation of concentration experience very little or almost no corrosion, and that according to the so-called Fontana’s criteria these test-materials turn out to have an excellent resistance toward sodium-chloric corrosion. This is also evidence by the very low corrosion rate value measured in this study. EDS study and X-ray diffraction results indicate that the possible ensuring corrosion by products are iron oxides, chrome oxides, iron chlorides, and nickel hydride oxide.n
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Rosfian Arsyah Dahar
8 p.
Cast-iron
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8 p.
Cast-iron
9.jpg
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Rosyida Permatasari
10
annulus
Determination of air temperature distribution equation in Annulus room on laminar sub layer theretorey. Laminar sub-layer is a very thin region near the wall has a laminar flow. Having obtained a knowledge of the temperature distribution, the heat transfer rate from a heated surface to a fluid which is forced over it may be determined. The temperature distribution is obtained by least square method. And the observation data is closed by exponential regression equation.
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10
annulus
Determination of air temperature distribution equation in Annulus room on laminar sub layer theretorey. Laminar sub-layer is a very thin region near the wall has a laminar flow. Having obtained a knowledge of the temperature distribution, the heat transfer rate from a heated surface to a fluid which is forced over it may be determined. The temperature distribution is obtained by least square method. And the observation data is closed by exponential regression equation.
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Triyono
6
Electrical Discharge Machining
Tapering effect of parameter EDM in hole making process. EDM is one of non traditional machining. There are some advantage of this process for instance suitable for machining high strength temperature resistance material, accurate and be able to make complex geometric feature. How ever, there are some weakness: low rate of material removal, tapering, high cost and environment problem. This paper will examine the influence of cutting parameter toward tapering using EDM in hole making process. The parameters are electric current (from 15 A, 20 A, 45 A, and 60 Ampere) and the duty factor (from 39%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 90%). Experiment has been done with SKD 11 as work place material. Cut for electrode and kerosene for dielectric fluid. Taper can be measured by using Triobor which has 1 micrometer resolution. Conclusion of the experimental showed that variation of electric current gives different taper values.n
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6
Electrical Discharge Machining
Tapering effect of parameter EDM in hole making process. EDM is one of non traditional machining. There are some advantage of this process for instance suitable for machining high strength temperature resistance material, accurate and be able to make complex geometric feature. How ever, there are some weakness: low rate of material removal, tapering, high cost and environment problem. This paper will examine the influence of cutting parameter toward tapering using EDM in hole making process. The parameters are electric current (from 15 A, 20 A, 45 A, and 60 Ampere) and the duty factor (from 39%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 90%). Experiment has been done with SKD 11 as work place material. Cut for electrode and kerosene for dielectric fluid. Taper can be measured by using Triobor which has 1 micrometer resolution. Conclusion of the experimental showed that variation of electric current gives different taper values.n
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Rosfian Arsyah Dahar
8 p.
Cast-iron
9.jpg
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8 p.
Cast-iron
9.jpg
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Bambang Teguh Prasetyo
5
Cooling Tower
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of air flow distribution in cooling tower. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of air flow distribution in induced draft Cooling Tower (CT) has been done. Numerical simulation was done by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, while measurement was conducted by using a test facility exist in BTMP-BPPT. This study is aimed to assist the preliminary analysis predicting that one of numerical simulation and testing shows that tendency of mal-distribution of air flow mentioned as the root cause of height consume make water still require to be proved after the CT provided with homogenizer of air stream.
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5
Cooling Tower
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of air flow distribution in cooling tower. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of air flow distribution in induced draft Cooling Tower (CT) has been done. Numerical simulation was done by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, while measurement was conducted by using a test facility exist in BTMP-BPPT. This study is aimed to assist the preliminary analysis predicting that one of numerical simulation and testing shows that tendency of mal-distribution of air flow mentioned as the root cause of height consume make water still require to be proved after the CT provided with homogenizer of air stream.
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